Passage:…The nineteenth century brought with it a burst of new discoveries and inventions that revolutionized the candle industry and made lighting available to all. In the early-to-mid-nineteenth century, a process was developed to refine tallow (fat from animals) with alkali and sulfuric acid. The result was a product called stearin. Stearin is harder and burns longer than unrefined tallow. This breakthrough meant that it was possible to make tallow candles that would not produce the usual smoke and rancid odor. Stearins were also derived from palm oils, so vegetable waxes as well as animal fats could be used to make candles…
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about candles before the nineteenth century?
a)They did not smoke when they were burned.
b)They produced a pleasant odor as they burned.
c)They were not available to all.
d)They contained sulfuric acid.
[解析]
正確答案是C。這一段的第一句就告訴我們:19世紀的一些新發(fā)明和發(fā)現(xiàn)也對蠟燭工業(yè)產(chǎn)生了一次巨大的革命,這次革命使得所有的人都使用上了照明。從這句話中我們可以得到兩層信息:19世紀蠟燭工業(yè)有了一次革命性的變化;在沒有這次變革之前,也就是在19世紀以前,照明并不是所有人都能使用的。 因為作者在談?wù)摰氖窍灎T的變革,所以這里所說的“lighting照明”一定是與蠟燭有關(guān)的照明,其實也就是告訴我們19世紀以前并不是所有人都能夠使用到蠟燭帶來的照明,這一推論出的信息正好與選項C吻合。
文章第一句同時也是一個時間的分水嶺,告訴我們19世紀蠟燭工業(yè)的變革是怎么樣的。“在19世紀早 期到中期,蠟燭處理工藝使用alkali和sulfuric acid來提煉tallow,提煉后的產(chǎn)品就是stearin,stearin比未經(jīng)提煉的tallow堅硬而且燃燒得更久。這一巨大的變化意味著制造出不產(chǎn)生煙和rancid味道的蠟燭是可能的。”在這里的一個關(guān)鍵詞是rancid,意思是(油脂食物,其味道、氣味)不新鮮的;腐臭的;正好與選項b的 pleasant odor相反。19世紀前的蠟燭產(chǎn)生usual smoke(經(jīng)常有煙),這與選項a相反。Sulfuric acid是19世紀用來處理fallow的材料,在19世紀以前是沒有使用的,這與選項d相反。