托福閱讀高難度文章長難句實例解析：抵抗干旱的適應(yīng)性和方法

　　They possess drought-resisting adaptations: loss of water through the leaves is reduced by means of dense hairs covering waxy leaf surfaces, by the closure of pores during the hottest times to reduce water loss, and by the rolling up or shedding of leaves at the beginning of the dry season.

　　詞匯講解：

　　waxy /'wæks?/ adj. 蠟色的，蠟狀的

　　pore /p??/ n. 氣孔，毛孔

　　shed /?ed/ vt. 使(某物)脫落﹑ 剝落;使(某物)流出

　　結(jié)構(gòu)劃分：

　　They possess drought-resisting adaptations: loss of water (through the leaves) is reduced (by means of dense hairs)(covering waxy leaf surfaces), (by the closure of pores)(duringthe hottest times) (to reduce water loss), and (by the rolling up or shedding of leaves) (at the beginning of the dry season).

　　深度分析：

　　這個句子的主干部分就是：

　　They possess drought-resisting adaptations: loss of wateris reduced

　　注意后面并列了3個介詞結(jié)構(gòu)：by means of…, by the closure of .., and bythe rolling up…

　　修飾一：(through the leaves)，介詞，修飾loss of water

　　中文：經(jīng)過葉子

　　修飾二：(by means of dense hairs)，介詞

　　中文：通過的濃密的絨毛

　　修飾三：(covering waxy leaf surfaces)，非謂語動詞，修飾haris

　　中文：覆蓋在蠟質(zhì)葉子表面

　　修飾四：(by the closure of pores)，介詞短語

　　中文：關(guān)閉氣孔

　　修飾五：(during the hottest times)，介詞短語

　　中文：在最熱的時間

　　修飾六：(to reduce water loss)，非謂語動詞

　　中文：減低水分散失

　　修飾七：(by the rolling up or shedding of leaves)，介詞短語

　　中文：通過卷起或脫落葉子

　　修飾八：(at the beginning of the dry season)，介詞短語

　　中文：在干旱季初期

　　參考翻譯：

　　他們擁有抵抗干旱的適應(yīng)性：覆蓋在蠟質(zhì)葉子表面的濃密的絨毛、在溫度最高時關(guān)閉氣孔以減少水分流失以及在干旱季初期通過卷起或脫落葉子，都可以減少經(jīng)過葉片的水分的流失。