實(shí)例講解托福閱讀指代題

　　托福閱讀中的指代題是比較被大家忽略的題型，這種題型的題量不多，在不加試的情況下，三篇文章可能只會(huì)考到一道指代題。但我們也不得不重視這種題型，可能小小的指代，會(huì)影響我們做其他題型，下面小編就給大家實(shí)例講解一下。

　　[TPO34-] Protection of Plants by Insects

　　Paragraph 5: … Observations leave little doubt that ants protect morning glory flowers and fruits from the combined enemy force of grasshoppers, caterpillars, and seed beetles. Bentley compares the seed production of six plants that grew where there were no ants with that of seventeen plants that were occupied by ants. Unprotected plants bore only 45 seeds per plant, but plants occupied by ants bore 211 seeds per plant. Although ants are snot big enough to kill or seriously injure grasshoppers, they drive them away by nipping at their feet. Seed beetles are more vulnerable because they are much smaller than grasshoppers. The ants prey on the adult beetles, disturb females as they lay their eggs on developing fruits, and eat many of the eggs they do manage to lay.

　　According to paragraph 5, ants defend morning glory plants from seed beetles in each of the following ways EXCEPT

　　A) driving adult beetles off the plants by nipping at their feet

　　B) catching and eating adult beetles

　　C) ating beetle eggs they find on developing fruits

　　D) making it difficult for beetles to lay eggs on developing fruits

　　Step 1:

　　按照否定事實(shí)題的解法，重點(diǎn)先看選項(xiàng)，要利用選項(xiàng)中的一些特殊詞匯在原文段落中進(jìn)行定位。那我們就來(lái)劃一下定位詞。

　　A) driving adult beetles off the plants by nipping at their feet

　　B) catching and eating adult beetles

　　C) eating beetle eggs they find on developing fruits

　　D) making it difficult for beetles to lay eggs on developing fruits

　　Step 2:

　　利用選項(xiàng)中的定位詞在原文中找到具體的句子

　　… Bentley compares the seed production of six plants that grew where there were no ants with that of seventeen plants that were occupied by ants. Unprotected plants bore only 45 seeds per plant, but plants occupied by ants bore 211 seeds per plant. Although ants are not big enough to kill or seriously injure grasshoppers, they drive them away by nipping at their feet. Seed beetles are more vulnerable because they are much smaller than grasshoppers. The ants prey on the adult beetles, disturb females as they lay their eggs on developing fruits, and eat many of the eggs they do manage to lay.

　　做到這一步，可能有同學(xué)就懵了，怎么四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有，而且如果對(duì)prey(捕食)這個(gè)詞不熟悉的話，很有可能就會(huì)錯(cuò)選到B選項(xiàng)了。

　　好，我們來(lái)看by nipping at their feet的部分，有一個(gè)their，那我們往回找出their的指代內(nèi)容，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，實(shí)際上their指代的是grasshoppers。這樣就與題目中ants defend morning glory plants from seed beetles發(fā)生了沖突，所以正確答案應(yīng)該是A。

　　不要小看一個(gè)小小的指代，如果沒(méi)有弄明白到底指代的內(nèi)容是什么，很容易就會(huì)做錯(cuò)題。

　　此外，我們?cè)賮?lái)看一道句子插入題。

　　Despite its mostly unremarkable characteristics, the Northern Spotted Owl found itself in the center of a struggle between environmentalists and the logging industry in the 1990s due to its habitat. [A] This bird of prey occupies a very confined range of the North American continent, making its home in large tracts of old-growth forest in the Pacific Northwest, a region stretching along the coast from northern California to the southernmost part of British Columbia. [B] In the summer of 1990, the Northern Spotted Owl was listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act, and all logging operations in national forests in the region were halted. [C] Loss of old-growth forest was seen as the primary cause of an alarming decrease in the population of the owls. [D] Thousands of jobs in the industry were lost as a result, and the timber market experienced a drop in supply and subsequent price increases.

　　Logging interests have traditionally been strong here because of the immense size of the native tree species.

　　Where would the sentence best fit?

　　在做這道題的過(guò)程中，有很多同學(xué)會(huì)利用logging這個(gè)詞在原文中進(jìn)行重復(fù)話題詞的查找，但是這樣并不能夠幫助我們很快地解答這道題。但如果我們能夠留意到句子中的一個(gè)指代”here”就會(huì)很好辦了?？吹健県ere”這個(gè)指代自然就要想到這個(gè)句子的前面應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)過(guò)某個(gè)地點(diǎn)，所以我們可以把答案的范圍縮小到A和B，A的前面有”habitat棲息地”，B的前面有”Pacific Northwest, a region … British Columbia”。那到底是選A還是選B呢?同樣的，我們需要利用句子中的指代?？吹紸選項(xiàng)的后面，出現(xiàn)了”this bird of prey”，而這個(gè)指代在待插入的句子中找不到相應(yīng)的詞，所以我們可以肯定答案選的是B。

　　經(jīng)過(guò)這兩道題，希望能夠引起大家對(duì)句子中指代的重視。

　　以上就是有關(guān)托福閱讀指代題的內(nèi)容，更多托福干貨敬請(qǐng)關(guān)注聽(tīng)力課堂托?？荚囶l道。