托福語(yǔ)法技巧：句子的16個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)問題

　　在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，時(shí)態(tài)的基本規(guī)律并不復(fù)雜，只要多想多用，很快就可以掌握的，至于更多的變化，也完全可以在以后的學(xué)習(xí)中逐步掌握的。而能用之后我們又會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，其實(shí)每篇文章里時(shí)態(tài)的搭配都可以有多種方案，就像我們每個(gè)人的衣著可以有很多種搭配一樣，我們時(shí)態(tài)的用法也可以有多種搭配方案，只要能符合表現(xiàn)文章的主題的需要，就應(yīng)該說(shuō)是正確的。至于哪種是最佳的方案，則各人有個(gè)人的看法，所謂仁者見仁，智者見智了。

　　時(shí)態(tài)的含義：

　　1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：表示真理性，經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性，普遍性。[在口語(yǔ)里常用，在敘事性文章和故事里很少用]

　　例句：1.The earth is smaller than the sun. [狀態(tài)][真理性]

　　2.Tom gets up early every morning. [動(dòng)作][經(jīng)常性和習(xí)慣性]

　　3.Everybody knows him. [普遍性]

　　2.過(guò)去時(shí)：表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 [敘事性的文章和故事里最常用的時(shí)態(tài)]。

　　例句：1.Yesterday we went to the park.[動(dòng)作]

　　2.The book was there ten minutes ago. [狀態(tài)]

　　3.將來(lái)時(shí)：表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

　　例句：1.Tom will help you tomorrow. [動(dòng)作]

　　2.We shall be here in time next time. [狀態(tài)]

　　4.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間看將在以后某一時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。[注意不要跟現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來(lái)]

　　例句：1.Ten years ago, Mary said she would finish the work in a few days. [動(dòng)作]

　　2. Yesterday he thought you would be a good player after five years. [狀態(tài)]

　　5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：表示在現(xiàn)在之前就已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)[要特別注意不包括現(xiàn)在]。

　　例句：1.We have done our homework. [動(dòng)作]

　　2.He has been a doctor now. .[狀態(tài)]

　　6.過(guò)去完成時(shí): 表示在過(guò)去某時(shí)之前就已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

　　例句：1.Three days ago he had already finished his homework. [動(dòng)作]

　　2.When he was a boy, he had already been a head of the boys. [狀態(tài)]

　　7.將來(lái)完成時(shí)：表示在將來(lái)某時(shí)之前將完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

　　例句：1.Tomorrow morning, I will have cleaned the windows. [動(dòng)作]

　　2.Next Sunday, he will have been a new doctor. [狀態(tài)]

　　8.過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí):表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前本該完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。[一般用于虛擬語(yǔ)態(tài)]

　　例句：1.If he had worked hard enough, he would have built a new house. [動(dòng)作] [實(shí)際情況是因?yàn)樗粔蚺Γ孕路孔舆B影子都沒有]

　　2.If he were alive, he would have been a doctor now. .[狀態(tài)][實(shí)際情況是他已經(jīng)去世，所以永遠(yuǎn)成不了醫(yī)生]

　　9.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：在現(xiàn)在之前開始，以后還要延續(xù)一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作。[要注意只有延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以用進(jìn)行時(shí)]。

　　例句：Tom is reading a book.

　　10.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：在過(guò)去某時(shí)之前開始，以后還要延續(xù)一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作。[要注意只有延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以用進(jìn)行時(shí)]。

　　例句：The dog was eating a bone.

　　11.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)：在將來(lái)某時(shí)之前開始，以后還要延續(xù)一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作。[要注意只有延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以用進(jìn)行時(shí)]。

　　例句：At ten tomorrow morning, I will be writing the letter for you.

　　12.過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)：從過(guò)去某時(shí)來(lái)看將再以后某時(shí)之前開始，以后還要延續(xù)一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作。[要注意只有延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以用進(jìn)行時(shí)]。

　　例句：Jack told me that he would be working hard the next year.

　　13.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：在現(xiàn)在之前就已經(jīng)完成并且還要延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。[較少用]

　　例句：Tom has been reading this book for over ten hours.

　　14.過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：在過(guò)去某時(shí)之前就已經(jīng)完成并且還要延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。{很少用}

　　例句：The workers had been building the railway then.

　　15.將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：在將來(lái)某時(shí)之前就已經(jīng)完成并且還要延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。{很少用}

　　例句：They will have been making their efforts after that time.

　　16.過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：在過(guò)去某時(shí)之前看來(lái)將來(lái)某時(shí)應(yīng)該已經(jīng)完成并且還要延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。{很少用}

　　例句：We thought they would have been doing physical training till then.