2020考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解精讀100篇：Unit 33

Unit 33

Muffin Man has more than 2,000 songs on his hard drive, and he’s happy to share them. He’s a big fan of bands like Pearl Jam and the White Stripes, so there’s plenty of hard rock in his collection.

But chances are you’ll never get to it. The 21-year-old pizza cook, who asked to be identified by his online nickname, makes his songs available only through private file-sharing networks known as darknets. Unlike such public networks as Kazaa or Morpheus, which let you share songs with anyone, private networks operate more like underground nightclubs or secret societies. To gain access, you need to know the name of the group and a password. And the only way to get that information is from another member who invites you in. Some darknets even encrypt files and mask your identity within a group to keep eavesdroppers from finding out who you are and what you are sharing.

It’s a handy invention now that the recording industry has taken to suing kids who share music online. But darknets are not just for digital music files. Carving out a bit of privacy online has wide appeal; students, community groups and even political dissidents can use these hidden networks to share projects, papers and information. One part of the allure is anonymity; the other is exclusivity. Since participation is limited, file searches don’t turn up a lot of junk or pornography. Darknets offer the convenience of the Web without a lot of the bad stuff.

You need special software to start a darknet of your own. The two most popular programs are Direct Connect by NeoModus（at neomodus.com）and an open-source variation of it called DC++, available at sourceforge.net. More than 800,000 copies of DC++ have been downloaded since mid-July. A third program, called Waste（also at sourceforge.net）, automatically encrypts files but is much harder to use.

There are no good estimates of how many people use darknets. Lowtec, a college sophomore studying computer engineering, figures that 10% of the students at his school（which he declined to name）share files through Direct Connect. “It’s much faster than Kazaa,” he says. That’s because private networks typically link small, close-knit communities in which all members have superfast connections.

The recording industry so far hasn’t put much effort into combatting the secret networks, but its neglect might not last long. If networks like Kazaa become too risky, darknets could quickly rise to take their place. And if that happens, the music industry could find itself chasing users who are that much harder to catch.

注（1）：本文選自Time；

注（2）：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對(duì)象：第1、2、3、5題分別模仿2004年真題Text 4第1、2題，Text 1第2題和Text 3第5題；第4題模仿2006年真題Text 2第5題。

1. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ______.

A) Muffin Man’s songs will be available if you know his online nickname

B) outsiders cannot visit darknets without the invitation from a member

C) Kazaa is to darknets what the police are to underground world

D) it’s impossible for people to find out your true identity on the darknets

2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?

A) Darknets are being accused by the recording industry of allowing kids to share music online.

B) People use darknets to share music mainly.

C) One advantage of darknets is that people can avoid reading unwanted information.

D) Users of private networks are mostly students.

3. The word “allure”（Line 4, Paragraph 3）most probably means ______.

A) advantage

B) achievement

C) feature

D) appeal

4. We can draw a conclusion from the text that ______.

A) darknets may become a headache of the music industry

B) the age of darknets is within reach

C) darknets may excel Kazaa in the number of its users very soon

D) the music industry will lose the battle against darknets

5. From the text we can see that the writer seems ______.

A) positive

B) negative

C) doubtful

D) uncertain

篇章剖析

本篇文章是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了一種名為“地下網(wǎng)絡(luò)”的私人文件共享網(wǎng)絡(luò)。文章第一段介紹了在這種網(wǎng)絡(luò)中活動(dòng)的一位典型的用戶；第二段介紹了這種地下網(wǎng)絡(luò)的特點(diǎn)；第三段說(shuō)明地下網(wǎng)絡(luò)受人歡迎的原因；第四段說(shuō)明如何創(chuàng)立自己的地下網(wǎng)絡(luò)；第五段介紹了目前使用地下網(wǎng)絡(luò)的情況；最后一段得出結(jié)論：這種網(wǎng)絡(luò)有可能崛起并取代現(xiàn)有的一些共享音樂(lè)的公共網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

詞匯注釋

encrypt / ?n?kr?pt/ v. 【計(jì)】加密，將…譯成密碼

eavesdropper /?i?vz?dr?p?(r)/ n. 偷聽者

dissident /?d?s?d?nt/ n. 持不同政見者

allure /??lj??/ n. 誘惑力

anonymity /??n??n?m?ti/ n. 匿名

exclusivity /?eksklu??s?v?ti/ n. 排外（主義）；排他性

pornography /p???n?gr?fi/ n. 色情資料

難句突破

Some darknets even encrypt files and mask your identity within a group to keep eavesdroppers from finding out who you are and what you are sharing.

主體句式：Some darknets encrypt files and mask your identity.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句是個(gè)復(fù)雜句，介詞短語(yǔ)within a group作狀語(yǔ)表范圍，不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ)，在這個(gè)短語(yǔ)中有一個(gè)who和what引導(dǎo)的并列賓語(yǔ)從句作finding out的賓語(yǔ)。

句子譯文：一些地下網(wǎng)絡(luò)甚至在組織內(nèi)部還要對(duì)文件進(jìn)行加密，并且對(duì)你的身份進(jìn)行偽裝，以防好事之徒發(fā)現(xiàn)你的身份以及你所共享的內(nèi)容。

題目分析

1. B 推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段“要想進(jìn)入這樣的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，你需要知道該組織的名稱以及密碼。而唯有獲得一位組織成員的邀請(qǐng)，你才能得到那些信息?！笨梢钥闯?，外人要訪問(wèn)這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)必須獲得網(wǎng)絡(luò)成員的邀請(qǐng)。C項(xiàng)意為“Kazza和地下網(wǎng)絡(luò)的關(guān)系如同警察同地下世界一般”，這里包含一個(gè)句型A is to B what C is to D，從文章可知把Kazza換為唱片業(yè)，這種關(guān)系才成立。

2. C 細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第三段提到由于參與人數(shù)有限，文件搜索不會(huì)帶來(lái)很多垃圾文件或者色情文件。繼而總結(jié)darknets的好處是：既提供了網(wǎng)絡(luò)的便利，又?jǐn)[脫了網(wǎng)絡(luò)的糟粕。所以避免讀到討厭的信息是darknets的一大優(yōu)勢(shì)。A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)是因?yàn)槠鹪V的是那些網(wǎng)上共享音樂(lè)的孩子，而非darknets。

3. D 語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)上文，第三段分析darknets為何受人歡迎。其中提到了“在網(wǎng)上留出隱私空間has wide appeal”，接著又探討其他原因，一個(gè)是匿名性，一個(gè)是排外性，這都是the allure的一部分，可見allure的意思應(yīng)該和appeal相近或者相同。

4. A 推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，作者假定如果音樂(lè)行業(yè)要起訴那些共享音樂(lè)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，公共網(wǎng)絡(luò)可能由此停辦，darknets將迅速崛起并取而代之，而音樂(lè)行業(yè)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們追查的用戶要難捉得多?？梢奷arknets有可能成為令音樂(lè)行業(yè)頭痛的事情。

5. A 情感態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章的材料選擇，基本上沒(méi)有負(fù)面的材料，而且第三段在介紹darknets為何吸引人的時(shí)候，作者還講到了這種私人網(wǎng)絡(luò)“既提供了網(wǎng)絡(luò)的便利，又?jǐn)[脫了網(wǎng)絡(luò)的糟粕”的優(yōu)勢(shì)。在結(jié)尾，作者說(shuō)如果可以共享音樂(lè)的公共網(wǎng)絡(luò)倒下，這種darknets就會(huì)迅速崛起并取而代之?？梢娮髡邔?duì)這種網(wǎng)絡(luò)所持的是一種肯定的態(tài)度。

參考譯文

“松糕人”的硬盤上存有2000多首歌曲，他很樂(lè)意和他人分享這些歌曲。他的收藏中有很多硬搖滾音樂(lè)，因?yàn)樗恰罢渲楣u”以及“白色條紋”等樂(lè)隊(duì)的超級(jí)粉絲。

不過(guò)你很可能永遠(yuǎn)也無(wú)法分享他的音樂(lè)收藏。這位21歲的比薩餅廚師要求只披露他的網(wǎng)名。他的歌曲只能通過(guò)一些所謂“地下網(wǎng)絡(luò)”的私人文件共享網(wǎng)絡(luò)獲得。與卡澤（Kazaa）或者摩爾普斯（Morpheus）等允許所有人共享音樂(lè)的公共網(wǎng)絡(luò)不同，私人網(wǎng)絡(luò)的運(yùn)作方法更像是地下夜總會(huì)或者秘密組織。要想進(jìn)入這樣的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，你需要知道該組織的名稱以及密碼。而唯有獲得一位組織成員的邀請(qǐng)，你才能得到那些信息。一些地下網(wǎng)絡(luò)甚至在組織內(nèi)部還要對(duì)文件進(jìn)行加密，并且對(duì)你的身份進(jìn)行偽裝，以防好事之徒發(fā)現(xiàn)你的身份以及你所共享的內(nèi)容。

由于唱片業(yè)現(xiàn)在開始起訴那些在網(wǎng)上共享音樂(lè)的孩子，這項(xiàng)發(fā)明就顯得十分便利。不過(guò)地下網(wǎng)絡(luò)不僅僅用于共享數(shù)字音樂(lè)文件。在網(wǎng)上擁有一些隱私是極具吸引力的事情；學(xué)生、社會(huì)團(tuán)體，甚至持不同政見者都能利用這些隱秘的網(wǎng)絡(luò)來(lái)共享方案、論文和信息。匿名性是這類網(wǎng)絡(luò)的一大誘人之處；另外就是排外性。因?yàn)閰⑴c人數(shù)有限，因而文件搜索不會(huì)帶來(lái)很多垃圾文件或者色情文件。地下網(wǎng)絡(luò)既提供了網(wǎng)絡(luò)的便利，又?jǐn)[脫了網(wǎng)絡(luò)的糟粕。

你需要特殊的軟件才能創(chuàng)立一個(gè)自己的地下網(wǎng)絡(luò)。兩個(gè)最受歡迎的程序是由新方法（NeoModus）公司（網(wǎng)站地址neomodus.com）推出的“直接連接”（Direct Connect）和該程序的開放源碼變本，即被稱作DC++的程序，這兩個(gè)程序都可以在sourceforge.net上找到。自從7月中旬以來(lái)，DC++的下載次數(shù)已經(jīng)超過(guò)了800000次。第三個(gè)程序叫做“浪費(fèi)”（Waste）（也能在sourceforge.net上找到），它能夠自動(dòng)給文件加密，但用起來(lái)比較困難。

很難估計(jì)到底有多少人在使用這些地下網(wǎng)絡(luò)。“低技術(shù)”是一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)的大二學(xué)生，他認(rèn)為他所在的學(xué)校（他拒絕透露該校名稱）有10%的學(xué)生通過(guò)“直接連接”來(lái)共享文件?！八瓤梢斓枚?，”他說(shuō)。出現(xiàn)這種情況是因?yàn)樗饺司W(wǎng)絡(luò)連接的都是組織嚴(yán)密的小型社區(qū)，所有成員的網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接速度都非?？斓木壒省?

目前唱片業(yè)還沒(méi)有把太多精力花在打擊秘密網(wǎng)絡(luò)上來(lái)，但這種疏忽不會(huì)太久。如果像卡澤這樣的網(wǎng)絡(luò)面臨太多風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的話，那么地下網(wǎng)絡(luò)就會(huì)迅速崛起并取而代之。到那時(shí)候，音樂(lè)業(yè)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們追查的用戶要難捉得多。