布什于2002年在清華大學的演講

布什于2002年在清華大學的演講 英文版

Vice President Hu, thank you very much for your kind and generous remarks. Thank you for welcoming me and my wife, Laura, here. I see she’s keeping pretty good company, with the Secretary of State, Colin Powell. It’s good to see you, Mr. Secretary. And I see my National Security Advisor, Ms. Condoleezza Rice, who at one time was the provost at Stanford University. So she’s comfortable on university campuses such as this. Thank you for being here, Condi.

I’m so grateful for the hospitality, and honored for the reception at one of China’s, and the world’s, great universities.

This university was founded, interestingly enough, with the support of my country, to further ties between our two nations. I know how important this place is to your Vice President. He not only received his degree here, but more importantly, he met his gracious wife here.

I want to thank the students for giving me the chance to meet with you, the chance to talk a little bit about my country and answer some of your questions.

The standards and reputation of this university are known around the world, and I know what an achievement it is to be here. So, congratulations. I don’t know if you know this or not, but my wife and I have two daughters who are in college, just like you. One goes to the University of Texas. One goes to Yale. They’re twins. And we are proud of our daughters, just like I’m sure your parents are proud of you.

My visit to China comes on an important anniversary, as the Vice President mentioned. Thirty years ago this week, an American President arrived in China on a trip designed to end decades of estrangement and confront centuries of suspicion. President Richard Nixon showed the world that two vastly different governments could meet on the grounds of common interest, in the spirit of mutual respect. As they left the airport that day, Premier Zhou Enlai said this to President Nixon:“Your handshake came over the vastest ocean in the world—25 years of no communication.”During the 30 years since, America and China have exchanged many handshakes of friendship and commerce.

And as we have had more contact with each other, the citizens of both countries have gradually learned more about each other. And that’s important. Once America knew China only by its history as a great and enduring civilization. Today, we see a China that is still defined by noble traditions of family, scholarship, and honor. And we see a China that is becoming one of the most dynamic and creative societies in the world—as demonstrated by the knowledge and potential right here in this room. China is on a rising path, and America welcomes the emergence of a strong and peaceful and prosperous China.

As America learns more about China, I am concerned that the Chinese people do not always see a clear picture of my country. This happens for many reasons, and some of them of our own making. Our movies and television shows often do not portray the values of the real America I know. Our successful businesses show a strength of American commerce, but our spirit, community spirit, and contributions to each other are not always visible as monetary success.

Some of the erroneous pictures of America are painted by others. My friend, the Ambassador to China, tells me some Chinese textbooks talk of Americans of“bullying the weak and repressing the poor.”Another Chinese textbook, published just last year, teaches that special agents of the FBI are used to“repress the working people.”Now, neither of these is true—and while the words may be leftovers from a previous era, they are misleading and they’re harmful.

In fact, Americans feel a special responsibility for the weak and the poor. Our government spends billions of dollars to provide health care and food and housing for those who cannot help themselves—and even more important, many of our citizens contribute their own money and time to help those in need. American compassion also stretches way beyond our borders. We’re the number one provider of humanitarian aid to people in need throughout the world. And as for the men and women of the FBI and law enforcement, they’re working people; they, themselves, are working people who devote their lives to fighting crime and corruption.

My country certainly has its share of problems, no question about that. And we have our faults. Like most nations we’re on a long journey toward achieving our own ideals of equality and justice. Yet there’s a reason our nation shines as a beacon of hope and opportunity, a reason many throughout the world dream of coming to America. It’s because we’re a free nation, where men and women have the opportunity to achieve their dreams. No matter your background or your circumstance of birth, in America you can get a good education, you can start your own business, you can raise a family, you can worship freely, and help elect the leaders of your community and your country. You can support the policies of our government, or you’re free to openly disagree with them.

Those who fear freedom sometimes argue it could lead to chaos, but it does not, because freedom means more than every man for himself.Liberty gives our citizens many rights, yet expects them to exercise important responsibilities. Our liberty is given direction and purpose by moral character, shaped in strong families, strong communities, and strong religious institutions, and overseen by a strong and fair legal system.

My country’s greatest symbol to the world is the Statue of Liberty, and it was designed by special care. I don’t know if you’ve ever seen the Statue of Liberty, but if you look closely, she’s holding not one object, but two. In one hand is the familiar torch we call the“light of liberty”. And in the other hand is a book of law.

We’re a nation of laws. Our courts are honest and they are independent. The President—me—I can’t tell the courts how to rule, and neither can any other member of the executive or legislative branch of government. Under our law, everyone stands equal. No one is above the law, and no one is beneath it.

All political power in America is limited and it is temporary, and only given by the free vote of the people. We have a Constitution, now two centuries old, which limits and balances the power of the three branches of our government, the judicial branch, the legislative branch, and the executive branch, of which I’m a part.

Many of the values that guide our life in America are first shaped in our families, just as they are in your country. American moms and dads love their children and work hard and sacrifice for them, because we believe life can always be better for the next generation. In our families, we find love and learn responsibility and character.

And many Americans voluntarily devote part of their lives to serving other people. An amazing number—nearly half of all adults in America—volunteer time every week to make their communities better by mentoring children, or by visiting the sick, or caring for the elderly, or helping with thousands of other needs and causes.

This is one of the great strengths of my country. People take responsibility for helping others, without being told, motivated by their good hearts and often by their faith.

America is a nation guided by faith. Someone once called us“a nation with the soul of a church”. This may interest you—95 percent of Americans say they believe in God, and I’m one of them.

When I met President Jiang Zemin in Shanghai a few months ago, I had the honor of sharing with him how faith changed my life and how faith contributes to the life of my country.

Faith points to a moral law beyond man’s law, and calls us to duties higher than material gain. Freedom of religion is not something to be feared, it’s to be welcomed, because faith gives us a moral core and teaches us to hold ourselves to high standards, to love and to serve others, and to live responsible lives.

If you travel across America—and I hope you do some day if you haven’t been there—you will find people of many different ethic backgrounds and many different faiths. We’re a varied nation. We’re home to 2.3 million Americans of Chinese ancestry, who can be found working in the offices of our corporations, or in the Cabinet of the President of the United States, or skating for the America Olympic team. Every immigrant, by taking an oath of allegiance to our country, becomes just as just as American as the President. America shows that a society can be vast and it can be varied, yet still one country, commanding the allegiance and love of its people.

And all these qualities of America were widely on display on a single day, September the 11th, the day when terrorists, murderers, attacked my nation. American policemen and firefighters, by the hundreds, ran into burning towers in desperation to save their fellow citizens. Volunteers came from everywhere to help with rescue efforts. Americans donated blood and gave money to help the families of victims. America had prayer services all over our country, and people raised flags to show their pride and unity. And you need to know, none of this was ordered by the government; it happened spontaneously, by the initiative of free people.

Life in America shows that liberty, paired with law is not to be feared. In a free society, diversity is not disorder. Debate is not strife. And dissent is not revolution. A free society trusts its citizens to seek greatness in themselves and their country.

It was my honor to visit China in 1975—some of you weren’t even born then. It shows how old I am. And a lot has changed in your country since then. China has made amazing progress—in openness and enterprise and economic freedom. And this progress previews China’s great potential.

China has joined the World Trade Organization, and as you live up to its obligations, they inevitably will bring changes to China’s legal system. A modern China will have a consistent rule of law to govern commerce and secure the rights of its people. The new China your generation is building will need the profound wisdom of your traditions. The lure of materialism challenges our society—challenges society in our country, and in many successful countries. Your ancient ethic of personal and family responsibility will serve you well.

Behind China’s economic success today are talented, brilliant and energetic people. In the near future, those same men and women will play a full and active role in your government. This university is not simply turning out specialists, it is preparing citizens. And citizens are not spectators in the affairs of their country. They are participants in its future.

Change is coming. China is already having secret ballot and competitive elections at the local level. Nearly 20 years ago, a great Chinese leader, Deng Xiaoping, said this—I want you to hear his words. He said that China would eventually expand democratic elections all the way to the national level. I look forward to that day.

Tens of millions of Chinese today are relearning Buddhist, Taoist, and local religious traditions, or practicing Christianity, Islam, and other faiths. Regardless of where or how these believers worship, they’re no threat to public order; in fact, they make good citizens. For centuries, this country has had a tradition of religious tolerance. My prayer is that all persecution will end, so that all in China are free to gather and worship as they wish.

All these changes will lead to a stronger, more confident China—a China that can astonish and enrich the world, a China that your generation will help create. This is one of the most exciting times in the history of your country, a time when even the grandest hopes seem within your reach.

My nation offers you our respect and our friendship. Six years from now, athletes from America and around the world will come to your country for the Olympic games. And I’m confident they will find a China that is becoming a da guo, a leading nation, at peace with its people and at peace with the world.

Thank you for letting me come.

布什于2002年在清華大學的演講 中文版

胡副主席，非常感謝您的歡迎致辭，非常感謝您在這里接待我和我的夫人勞拉。我發(fā)現(xiàn)她與鮑威爾先生相處得很好。今天很高興看到你，國務卿先生。同時我也看到我的助理賴斯女士，她曾經(jīng)是斯德莫大學的校長，因此她回到校園是最適合不過的了。謝謝你此時能在這兒，賴斯。

非常感謝各位對我的熱情接待，很榮幸能夠來到這所中國甚至是世界最偉大的學府之一。

這所大學恰好是在美國的支持下成立的，成立的目的是為了推動我們兩國間的關系。我也知道清華這所大學對于副主席先生有著十分重要的意義，他不僅在這里獲得了學位，而且還在這里與他優(yōu)雅的夫人相識。

我想同時也感謝在座的各位學生給我這個機會跟大家見面，談一談我自己的國家，并且回答大家的一些問題。

清華大學的治學標準和名聲聞名于世，我也知道能考入這所大學本身是一個很大的成就，祝賀你們。我不知道大家是不是知道，我和我的太太有兩個女兒，像你們一樣正在上大學，一個女兒上的是德州大學，一個女兒上的是耶魯大學，她們是雙胞胎。我們對我們的兩個女兒備感驕傲，我想你們的父母對你們的成就也是同樣的引以為榮。

我這次訪華恰逢一個重要的周年紀念日，副主席剛才也談到了，三十年前的這一周，一個美國總統(tǒng)來到了中國，他的訪華之旅是為了結(jié)束長達數(shù)十年的隔閡，和長達數(shù)百年的相互猜疑。理查德·尼克松總統(tǒng)向世界展示了兩個迥然不同的政府能夠本著相互利益，本著相互尊重的精神站在一起。那天他們離開機場的時候，周恩來總理對尼克松總統(tǒng)說：“你與我的握手越過了世界上最為遼闊的海洋，這個海洋就是互不交往的二十五年。”自從那時以來，美國和中國已經(jīng)握過多次的友誼之手和商業(yè)之手。

隨著我們兩國間接觸的日益頻繁，我們兩國的國民也逐漸地加深了對彼此的了解，這是非常非常重要的。曾經(jīng)一度，美國人只知道中國是一個歷史悠久的偉大國家，有偉大的文明。今天，我們?nèi)匀豢吹街袊钚兄匾暭彝?、學業(yè)和榮譽的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)，同時，我們所看到的中國正日益成為世界上最富活力和最富創(chuàng)造力的國家之一，這一點最佳的驗證便是在座諸位所具備的知識和潛力。中國正走在一個發(fā)展的道路上，而美國歡迎一個強大、和平與繁榮的中國出現(xiàn)。

正當美國人在更進一步了解中國的同時，我卻擔心中國人不一定總是能夠很清楚地看到我的國家的真實面貌，這里面有多種原因，其中有一些是我們自己造成的。我們的電影，還有電視節(jié)目，往往并沒有全面反映出我所認識的美國的真正的價值觀。我們成功的企業(yè)顯示了美國商業(yè)的力量，但是我們的精神、我們的社區(qū)精神，還有我們相互對彼此的貢獻往往并不像我們在金錢方面的成功那樣顯而易見。

有些關于美國錯誤的描述則是他人做出的。我的朋友美國駐華大使告訴我，有些中國的教科書里面講到美國人欺負弱者，壓制窮人;另外，有一本去年剛出版的中國教科書，書里面說聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局的特工們被用來壓制勞動人民。這兩種說法都是不真實的，這種措詞很可能是過去時代遺留的產(chǎn)物，不過它確實是誤人子弟，而且是有害的。

事實上，美國人民能感受到對弱者和貧者的一種特殊責任感。政府花費數(shù)億美元來向那些無助的人提供衛(wèi)生保健、食物、房屋。更重要的是，許多公民捐獻出自己的時間和金錢來幫助那些需要幫助的人。美國人民甚至將其同情延伸到他國，我們是世界上向需要幫助的人提供人道主義援助的首善。至于聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局和執(zhí)法機關的人們，他們是勞動人民，是致力于打擊犯罪和腐敗的勞動人民。

毫無疑問，美國也有自己的問題，我們也有我們的過失。像大多數(shù)國家一樣，我們在實現(xiàn)平等和公正方面還有很長的路要走。美國成為希望和機會的燈塔，成為全世界的夢想之地是有其原因的。那就是我們是一個自由的國度，無論男性還是女性都有機會實現(xiàn)他們的夢想。無論你的背景如何，無論你的出生環(huán)境如何，在美國你都有機會接受良好的教育，可以做自己的生意，可以養(yǎng)家糊口，可以信仰自由，也可以自主選擇你所在社區(qū)和國家的管理者。你可以支持我們政府的政策，同時你也可以公開地毫不掩飾地表述不同的觀點。

有些人害怕自由，他們說自由可能導致混亂，但是實際上并不會這樣。因為自由的含義遠遠超越了人人為己，自由賦予了我們國民許多的權(quán)利，同時也邀請他們履行重大的責任。我們的自由因為有道德，所以是一種有方向，有目的的自由。我們的自由在強健的家庭中，在強健的社區(qū)中，在強健的宗教團體生活中得到了熏陶，同時也為一個強大而公平的法律制度所監(jiān)督。

我的國家顯示給世界最偉大的象征是自由女神像，她是經(jīng)過精心設計而成的。我不知道大家是否見過自由女神像，如果仔細觀察會發(fā)現(xiàn)她手里拿著兩件東西，其中一只手拿的是大家比較熟悉的火炬，那是自由之光，另一只手拿的是一部法典。

我們美國是一個法制的國家，我們的法院是清廉、獨立的。即使是總統(tǒng)，哪怕是我，也無法告訴法院要如何來判案，行政部門、立法部門任何一個成員都不可以。根據(jù)我們的法律每個人都是平等的，沒有任何一個人是凌駕于法律之上的，也沒有任何一個人是為法律所不恥的。

在美國，所有的政治權(quán)利都是有限的、暫時的，只有通過人民的自由投票才能得到。我們擁有一部憲法，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有兩百年的歷史，它限制并且平衡三個部門之間的權(quán)力，這三個部門就是司法、立法和行政機構(gòu)。我是行政機構(gòu)中的一員。

我們美國生活中的很多價值觀，首先都是在家庭中陶冶形成的，就像在中國一樣，美國的媽媽、爸爸們疼愛他們的孩子，為他們的健康成長作出犧牲，因為我們相信下一代的生活總會更好。在我們的家庭中，我們可以找到關愛，可以學習如何負起責任，如何陶冶人格。

很多美國人都主動抽出時間為其他人提供服務，這是一個驚人的數(shù)字，幾乎一半的成年人每周都拿出時間使他們的社區(qū)辦得更好，他們輔導兒童、探訪病人、照顧老人，并且?guī)椭S許多多其他的人，這種事情數(shù)不勝數(shù)。

這就是我的國家的一大優(yōu)點。人們主動地承擔起責任幫助他人，他們的原動力就是善良的心，還有他們的信仰。

美國是一個受信仰指導的國度，曾經(jīng)有人稱呼我們?yōu)榻虝甑膰?，美國?5%的人稱他們信仰上帝，我便是其中之一。

我?guī)讉€月之前在上海見到江澤民主席時，我非常榮幸和他分享了我個人的經(jīng)歷，信仰如何影響了我的一生，信仰如何充實了我們國家的生活。

信仰為我們指出一種道德的規(guī)范，這超越人們的法律，也號召我們承擔比物質(zhì)利益更為崇高的使命。宗教自由不僅不可怕，而且應當受到歡迎，因為信仰給我們一種道德的支柱，它教授我們?nèi)绾斡酶邩藴蕘硪笞约?，如何愛護他人，為他人提供服務，并且如何有責任地過我們的生活。

如果你到美國旅行的話，我希望諸位有機會到美國去旅行，你會見到來自不同背景有著不同信仰的人。我們是一個多元文化多姿多彩的國家，在那里有230萬華人在繁衍生息，在我們大公司的辦公室里有華人工作，在美國政府的內(nèi)閣里有華人工作，在奧林匹克運動會中也有華人代表美國參加滑冰比賽，每個移民只要宣誓效忠美國，就可以成為不折不扣的美國公民，毫不亞于美國總統(tǒng)。美國表明一個社會可以是多姿多彩的，但仍然是一個國家，它得到其人民的效忠和熱愛。

美國的所有這些特征都在一天之中生動而有力地顯示出來，這就是9月11日。那天恐怖分子的兇手們攻擊了我的國家，美國的警察和救火隊員們帶著拯救同胞的一線希望，成百上千地沖進了燃燒的大樓，來自各地的志愿者，幫助救援工作的進行。美國人中有的獻血，有的捐錢來幫助那些受難者的家庭。美國各地的民眾舉行祈禱會，人們升起國旗，表明他們作為美國人的榮譽和團結(jié)。這些都不是政府下令讓他們做的，這些都是自由的人民自發(fā)和主動做出來的。

美國的生活表明，自由在法律的輔佐下不一定令人生畏。在一個自由的社會中，多樣化不是混亂，辯論不是爭斗，不同政見不是革命。一個自由的社會，信任其公民，會在其自身和國家的身上尋找到一種偉大的境界。

我在1975年有幸訪問過中國，在座的有些人也許還沒有出生，這也表明現(xiàn)在我有多老了。從那時以來，貴國發(fā)生了深刻的變化，中國取得了舉世聞名的進步，在開放方面，在企業(yè)方面，在經(jīng)濟自由方面都是如此。而這樣的進步預示著中國具有巨大的潛力。

中國已經(jīng)加入了世界貿(mào)易組織，在諸位履行新義務的同時，這些新義務將為貴國的法律制度帶來變化。一個現(xiàn)代化的中國將有一個統(tǒng)一的法制，規(guī)范其商業(yè)活動，保障其人民的權(quán)力。諸位這一代所建設的新中國將需要貴國傳統(tǒng)中博大精深的智慧，而物質(zhì)主義的誘惑在我們的國家給我們的社會造成挑戰(zhàn)，在很多成功的國家也造成挑戰(zhàn)。重視個人和家庭責任的古老道德傳統(tǒng)將使諸位受益匪淺。

在中國如今經(jīng)濟成功的背后是有活力的人才。在不久將來，這些人將在政府中發(fā)揮積極和全面的作用。清華大學不僅在培養(yǎng)專家，也是在培育公民。公民在其國家的事務中不是袖手旁觀者，而是建設未來的參與者。

變化正在到來，中國已經(jīng)在地方一級進行不計名投票和差額選舉。將近二十年前，中國偉大的領導人鄧小平說，中國最終將把這種民主選舉推廣到中央一級。我期待這一天的到來。

如今，上千萬中國人都在重溫佛教、道教和各地的傳統(tǒng)信仰，還有信仰基督教、伊斯蘭教和其他宗教的。不管這些信徒在哪里，從事何種宗教活動，他們都不會對公共秩序造成威脅，實際上他們是很好的公民。多個世紀以來，中國在包容各種宗教方面有著古老的傳統(tǒng)，我為一切迫害的終結(jié)祈禱，讓所有的中國人都有集會和從事宗教活動的自由。

所有這些變化將導致中國更加強大，更加自信，這樣的中國將使世界矚目，也使世界更加豐富。這樣的中國就是諸位這一代人所共同創(chuàng)建的中國?，F(xiàn)在是中國的歷史上非常令人振奮的時刻，此時此刻就連最宏偉的夢想也似乎唾手可得。

我的國度與中國相互尊重，友好相處。再過六年來自美國和世界的運動員將到貴國參加奧林匹克比賽。我堅信他們見到的中國，將是一個正在變成大國的中國，一個走在世界前沿的國家，一個與其人民無爭，與世界和平相處的中國。

謝謝諸位讓我來此發(fā)言。