VOA慢速英語(yǔ):Russia, Iran and the Missile Defense Issue

伊朗核問(wèn)題以及導(dǎo)彈防御系統(tǒng)

This is IN THE NEWS in VOA Special English.

這里是美國(guó)之音慢速英語(yǔ)新聞報(bào)道。

The next international talks on Iran's nuclear program take place this month in Moscow. The talks come as Russia continues to oppose missile-defense plans designed to answer a possible nuclear threat from Iran.

就伊朗核問(wèn)題的下一次談判將于本月在莫斯科舉行。而會(huì)談之際，俄羅斯仍在繼續(xù)反對(duì)旨在應(yīng)對(duì)伊朗核威脅的導(dǎo)彈防御計(jì)劃。

The United States and the European Union believe that a goal of Iran's uranium enrichment program is to possess nuclear weapons. The Iranian government says it only wants to use its enriched uranium for peaceful purposes, such as producing electricity.

美國(guó)和歐盟認(rèn)為，伊朗鈾濃縮計(jì)劃旨在擁有核武器。伊朗政府則說(shuō)，自己只是想把高濃縮鈾用于和平目的，例如發(fā)電。

Talks between Iran and six world powers have gone on for years. The six countries are the United States, Britain, China, France, Germany and Russia.

伊朗與世界六大強(qiáng)國(guó)之間的談判已經(jīng)持續(xù)多年。這六個(gè)國(guó)家是指美國(guó)、英國(guó)、中國(guó)、法國(guó)、德國(guó)以及俄羅斯。

The latest two-day meeting took place in Baghdad last month. There was very little progress. Negotiators agreed to meet in Moscow in the middle of June.

最近一次為期兩天的會(huì)談?dòng)谏显略诎透襁_(dá)舉行，但進(jìn)展甚微。談判代表們同意六月中旬在莫斯科會(huì)面(繼續(xù)談判)。

The common thinking is that Russian economic interests in Iran have led Russia to be a strong supporter of Iran. But many experts say Russia has taken a stronger position on Iran during the past few years.

一般認(rèn)為，俄羅斯在伊朗的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益使其成為伊朗的堅(jiān)定支持者。但許多專家表示，在過(guò)去幾年里，俄羅斯在伊朗問(wèn)題已經(jīng)采取了更為強(qiáng)硬的立場(chǎng)。

Robert Legvold of Columbia University says one reason was what American officials have called the reset in relations with Russia. Mr. Legvold says that does not mean there are no disagreements between the United States and Russia over Iran. He says the possibility of some kind of military attack on Iran makes the Russians nervous.

哥倫比亞大學(xué)的羅伯特·萊格沃爾德(Robert Legvold)表示，原因之一是美國(guó)官員曾經(jīng)呼吁重啟俄美關(guān)系。萊格沃爾德表示，這并不意味著在俄美之間就伊朗問(wèn)題沒(méi)有任何分歧。他說(shuō)，對(duì)伊朗進(jìn)行某種軍事攻擊的可能性使得俄羅斯非常緊張。

ROBERT LEGVOLD: "And the Russians are very antsy about the idea of a military option, whether it's Israel that executes it or whether it is some kind of a U.S. option, or the U.S. with Israel together. They also continue to push much harder on the diplomatic option rather than further tightening of sanctions."

萊格沃爾德：“俄羅斯對(duì)選擇軍事行動(dòng)這種想法非常不安，無(wú)論是以色列出手，還是美國(guó)，或是這兩國(guó)聯(lián)合采取軍事行動(dòng)。俄羅斯仍在繼續(xù)推動(dòng)更為艱難的外交努力，而不是進(jìn)一步收緊制裁。”

But Russia has voted in the past for economic sanctions against Iran in the United Nations. And Stephen Cohen, professor emeritus at Princeton University and New York University, says that is not all Russia has done.

但是俄羅斯過(guò)去在聯(lián)合國(guó)投票支持了對(duì)伊朗的經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁。普林斯頓大學(xué)和紐約大學(xué)的名譽(yù)教授斯蒂芬·科恩(Stephen Cohen)表示，這還不是俄羅斯做的所有事情。

STEPHEN COHEN: "Russia cancelled a deal it had with the Iranian government to supply it with anti-aircraft missiles, the kind of anti-aircraft missiles that Iran would need to defend itself if it was attacked by Israel or the United States, which remains, by the way, on at least the theoretical agenda. These were enormous concessions by Moscow."

科恩：“俄羅斯取消了一項(xiàng)和伊朗政府達(dá)成的，向伊朗提供防空導(dǎo)彈的協(xié)議。如果伊朗遭到以色列或美國(guó)的攻擊，它需要使用這種防空導(dǎo)彈保衛(wèi)自己。順便說(shuō)一下，這種攻擊至少理論上存在。這是莫斯科做出的巨大讓步。”

Experts say one area where Russia will not compromise is missile defense. This American-led idea is tied to the possible nuclear threat from Iran. The Obama administration has proposed deployment of anti-missile interceptors on navy ships at sea. There also would be land-based versions of these anti-missile missiles. Some would be sent to former Warsaw Pact countries in Eastern Europe.

專家表示，俄羅斯不會(huì)妥協(xié)的一個(gè)領(lǐng)域是導(dǎo)彈防御系統(tǒng)。這一由美國(guó)主導(dǎo)的計(jì)劃和可能來(lái)自伊朗的核威脅有關(guān)。奧巴馬政府已經(jīng)提出在海軍艦艇上部署反導(dǎo)攔截系統(tǒng)。這種反導(dǎo)導(dǎo)彈還存在路基版。其中一些路基版反導(dǎo)導(dǎo)彈就被部署到東歐的前華沙條約國(guó)家。

Russia has always opposed American plans for a missile defense system in Europe. Russian officials see it as aimed against Russia. Robert Legvold at Columbia University says Russia's main objection is tied to the last part of the missile defense plan. That part, known as Phase Four, is set for deployment in twenty-twenty.

俄羅斯一直反對(duì)美國(guó)在歐洲部署導(dǎo)彈防御系統(tǒng)的計(jì)劃。俄羅斯官員認(rèn)為它旨在針對(duì)俄羅斯。哥倫比亞大學(xué)的萊格沃爾德說(shuō)，俄羅斯主要反對(duì)的是導(dǎo)彈防御系統(tǒng)的最后一部分，及常說(shuō)的第四階段，它將于2020年開(kāi)始部署。

ROBERT LEGVOLD: "The problem with Phase Four -- and we begin moving that way with Phase Three -- is that that is an intercontinental ballistic missile system designed to defend the entire continent, not merely what's called theater systems, which is what the shorter-range systems are. And those, theoretically, depending on where they are deployed, could be something of a threat to the Russian nuclear deterrent."

萊格沃爾德：“第四階段以第三階段為基礎(chǔ)，第四階段的問(wèn)題在于，它是一種洲際彈道導(dǎo)彈系統(tǒng)，旨在保衛(wèi)整個(gè)大陸，而不僅僅是一種被稱為戰(zhàn)區(qū)系統(tǒng)的短程導(dǎo)彈系統(tǒng)。從理論上來(lái)說(shuō)，它可能威脅到俄羅斯的核威懾力量，具體取決于它部署到哪里。”

NATO leaders restated their support for the missile defense plan when they met last month in Chicago.

北約領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人上月在芝加哥會(huì)面時(shí)再次重申了他們對(duì)導(dǎo)彈防御系統(tǒng)的支持。