還在埋頭苦干工作?3點(diǎn)省煩惱的事要記牢

　　1.你在做別人工作的情況一：即使在度假

　　Keeping track of vacation time, personal time and sick time was once management’s responsibility— often done by an HR representative. Then an “absencemanagement” software package gets installed, and suddenly it becomes each employee’s job to maintain the official record by submitting a formal request to his or her supervisor for time off, entering start and end dates, type of absence and so on via a website. Your job description now involves data entry for each of these events, including complicated procedures for corrections when circumstances change after a record is saved.

　　密切留意假期時(shí)間，私人時(shí)間以及生病時(shí)間曾是管理部門(mén)的責(zé)任，經(jīng)常由一個(gè)人力資源代表來(lái)做。后來(lái)安裝了“缺勤管理”軟件，于是維持官方記錄就突然變成了員工們自己的工作。他們請(qǐng)假要通過(guò)網(wǎng)站向他或她的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)遞交正式的申請(qǐng)表，表里注明假期開(kāi)始，終止日期以及假期類型。如今你的職位職責(zé)，就包含了這些事件的數(shù)據(jù)錄入，包括記錄已存后，因情況變化而需改正的一些復(fù)雜程序。

　　If that were all, it might not be so bad. But “absence management” is just one of the technological initiatives and upgrades that intrude on today’s office. Each one brings with it a new learning curve and grafts new duties onto your job. These are instances of shadow work: unpaid jobs that we do on behalf of businesses and organizations which pervade modern life at home, in the office and while shopping, traveling, even eating out. Frequently, someone used to get a paycheck for doing these things. Now, these tasks at work end up on your to-do list.

　　如果說(shuō)僅此這些，還不算糟糕。然而“缺勤管理”只是一項(xiàng)進(jìn)入辦公區(qū)的科技創(chuàng)新和升級(jí)產(chǎn)品。每一項(xiàng)都會(huì)帶來(lái)新的學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)度曲線，并植入新的職責(zé)到你的工作中去。這些都能造成員工的心理陰影。我們代表企業(yè)和組織所做的無(wú)薪工作，它們彌漫在家里、辦公室里以及購(gòu)物時(shí)，旅行時(shí)，甚至出去用餐時(shí)的那些摩登生活中。過(guò)去經(jīng)常有人通過(guò)幫別人做這些事來(lái)賺錢?，F(xiàn)在這些任務(wù)只會(huì)終止于你自己的代辦清單了。

　　Shadow work affects everyone; but for women, who already do most of the housework and childcare (70 to 80 percent, typically) while, oh yes, managing their careers, these extra, unpaid jobs can be especially burdensome. Even during the business day, when your job description expands or your workday gets longer — while your salary stays put — like it or not, that’s shadow work.

　　影子工作影響著所有人，不過(guò)對(duì)于女士們，她們已經(jīng)有大把的家務(wù)事要做，還要照顧孩子(70%到80%的女士都是這樣)哦，是的，她們還要規(guī)劃自己的職業(yè)生涯，于是這些額外的無(wú)薪工作會(huì)成為特別的負(fù)擔(dān)。甚至在工作期間，你工作量變大或者時(shí)間變長(zhǎng)了，薪水卻不變，不管你喜不喜歡，那就是能夠造成心理陰影的工作。

　　2. You're Doing Someone's Else Job: When You Set Up a Meeting for a Client

　　2.你在完成別人工作的情況二：約見(jiàn)客戶時(shí)

　　How quaint it is to revisit the 1950s “Mad Men” world of Dictaphones, executive washrooms and, gasp, secretaries who type letters for their bosses. Well, women have a lot more career options now, and the good news is, they often are now the executives. The bad news is that today, executives do much of their own secretarial work, as technology has pushed aside the human assistants and given their jobs back to the boss as shadow work. (Computers let us all type our own letters, for example.) This democratizes the office environment, to be sure, but can also make you that manager feeding your meeting agenda into the photocopier.

　　重溫1950年代的那些事物時(shí)，感覺(jué)好怪啊!如：《廣告狂人》中的口述錄音機(jī)、行政衛(wèi)生間、網(wǎng)絡(luò)以及那個(gè)時(shí)候?yàn)槔习宕蜃值拿貢?shū)。當(dāng)然，現(xiàn)代的女性有了更多的職業(yè)選擇，好消息是，她們?nèi)缃癯闪藳Q策者;壞消息是，決策者得做很多本屬于秘書(shū)的工作，因?yàn)榭萍紝⑷斯ぶ滞频搅艘贿叄⑺麄兊墓ぷ鞣到o了老板。(例如，電腦迫使我們自己去打字。)可以肯定的是，這會(huì)使得工作環(huán)境民主化，但也可以讓你成為那種把會(huì)議議程融入到復(fù)印機(jī)的經(jīng)理。

　　Twenty-first century “secretaries” don’t say, “Good morning,” they beep. They’re smartphones, which do almost everything secretaries once did: keep appointment calendars, handle (and screen) telephone calls, maintain a file of contacts, send and receive email and texts, research information. The international technology-consulting firm Forrester Research, Inc. has a staff of 1,300 employees — and only five executive assistants. Getting support from an actual human is becoming a privilege restricted to those at the very top.

　　21世紀(jì)的秘書(shū)們不會(huì)說(shuō)“早上好”，會(huì)發(fā)出嗶嗶聲。他們是智能手機(jī)，會(huì)做好以前的秘書(shū)們?cè)撟龅膸缀跛械氖虑椋河涗涱A(yù)約日期，處理(并檢查)來(lái)電電話，保存聯(lián)系人資料，發(fā)送、接收郵件和文本，研究信息。國(guó)際咨詢科技公司Forrester Research, Inc擁有1300名員工，只有五個(gè)行政助理?，F(xiàn)如今獲得人工助理正逐漸變成僅限于高層們的特權(quán)。

　　3.You're Doing Someone Else's Job: When You're Doing Someone Else’s Job

　　3.你在完成別人工作的情況三：你真的在做別人的工作時(shí)

　　In business, there are only two basic ways to increase profit: raise revenue or cut expenses. In most cases, it’s far easier to reduce expenses, of which the biggest is personnel. Hence, “downsizing”: simply lay off some staff and give their work to those who remain. Another (perhaps familiar) scenario: someone leaves the company, and no one gets hired to replace her or him. Downsizing, or failing to hire new employees, has become so routine in recent years that we have begun to overlook the obvious. Any economic contraction — notably the meltdown of 2008 — gives a credible reason for layoffs. But why is it that an improving economy hasn’t produced a comparable surge in hiring? Quite often, the work of the departed employee becomes your job. (You’re supposed to be grateful that you still have a job.) So, again, you find yourself saddled with shadow work: doing more tasks without earning any more money. Regardless of whether the layoffs involve support personnel or professional staff, the jobs don’t go away, they’re simply getting done by fewer people. Like, you.

　　生意場(chǎng)上，只有兩種基本方法可以提高利潤(rùn)：提高收益或者減少花銷。大多數(shù)情況下，減少開(kāi)支更容易些，因?yàn)榇蟛糠珠_(kāi)銷都是人員問(wèn)題，因此“裁員”即，簡(jiǎn)單地解雇一些員工，然后把他們的工作給那些仍在崗的人。另一個(gè)(可能熟悉的)場(chǎng)景就是有人離開(kāi)公司，也沒(méi)雇人頂替她或他。裁員或雇不到新員工最近幾年變得如此司空見(jiàn)慣以至于我們開(kāi)始忽視它的存在。任何經(jīng)濟(jì)萎縮的危機(jī)，尤其是2008年的那次，提供了一個(gè)可靠的裁員理由。可為什么經(jīng)濟(jì)好轉(zhuǎn)并沒(méi)有創(chuàng)造相對(duì)而言招聘的激增呢?經(jīng)常地，離職員工的工作成了你的工作。(你該感到慶幸還有一份工作。)因此，再一次，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己背負(fù)了影子工作，即：做了額外的工作卻賺不到額外的錢。無(wú)論下崗涉及的是輔助人員還是專業(yè)人員，工作本身還在那，它們只不過(guò)是由更少的人來(lái)完成，比如：你。

　　Coping with these challenges can be upsetting or trying, but doing so is not an optional activity because shadow work is here to stay. Be creative in dealing with it: maybe suggest bringing in temps or interns to fill in for departed support staff. (If they don’t collect benefits, there’s at least a chance.) Given how much women already do, they need to diplomatically draw the line when shadow work gets dumped on their laps. As always, the first step in getting something off your lap is to stand up.

　　應(yīng)對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn)會(huì)令人不安或者厭煩，但做這些并不是一項(xiàng)可選擇的行為，因?yàn)閷?duì)人造成心理陰影的工作本來(lái)就在那。那就發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造力來(lái)處理它們吧：或許可以建議引進(jìn)臨時(shí)工或?qū)嵙?xí)生來(lái)填離職的支持人員空缺。(如果他們不創(chuàng)造收益的話，至少還有一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。)考慮到女士們完成工作量如何，在那些對(duì)人造成心理陰影的工作落在他們的身上時(shí)，他們需要圓滑地畫(huà)條底線。一如既往地甩開(kāi)一些事情的第一步就是站起來(lái)。