開(kāi)展深度工作，降低注意殘?jiān)?/h1>

所屬教程:職場(chǎng)人生

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2018年06月01日

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You’ve got a presentation at 2 p.m. But there are also a few emails you have to get to before the end of the week, and you’ve also got to really start prepping for a Monday meeting. But it’s almost lunch and, well, you can eat at your desk, read up on whatever new thing Donald Trump said, and still bust out a few memos, right?

今天下午兩點(diǎn)，你要為客戶(hù)進(jìn)行展示。然而，你還有幾封郵件需要在今天之內(nèi)查看并回復(fù);此外，你還需要開(kāi)始為后天的一個(gè)會(huì)議進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)備工作。不過(guò)，現(xiàn)在差不多是午飯時(shí)間了，所以你選擇了在辦公桌旁一邊吃飯、一邊刷朋友圈、一邊進(jìn)行工作。

Wrong, argues Georgetown University computer-science professor Cal Newport’s new book, Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World. In the book, excerpted recently on Wharton’s website, Newport attempts to understand how workers can rise above their infomania. His trick: deep work to conquer attention residue.

Cal Newport是喬治城大學(xué)的計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)教授，他最近出版了一本新書(shū)《深度工作：干擾世界里的專(zhuān)注成功法則》。Newport希望理解員工如何才能克服自身的資訊癖，而他提出的竅門(mén)就是：用深度工作來(lái)征服“注意殘?jiān)?rdquo;。

Which means … what, exactly? Newport explains it using a 2009 paper titled “Why Is It So Hard to Do My Work?” from Sophie Leroy, a business-school professor at the University of Minnesota. She studied a modern, daily workplace conundrum: switching between tasks and getting things done. In two experiments, Leroy finds that people are less productive when they are constantly moving from one task to another instead of focusing on one thing at a time. As Leroy’s abstract details:

這到底是什么意思?Newport用2009年的一篇論文《為何做自己的工作如此困難?》對(duì)此進(jìn)行解釋。該論文的作者是明尼蘇達(dá)大學(xué)商學(xué)院教授Sophie Leroy，她探究了一種現(xiàn)代日常工作難題，即任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換和任務(wù)完成。她進(jìn)行了兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)相較于一次只專(zhuān)注于一個(gè)任務(wù)而言，不斷地在任務(wù)之間轉(zhuǎn)移會(huì)降低人們的效率。

[P]eople need to stop thinking about one task in order to fully transition their attention and perform well on another. Yet, results indicate it is difficult for people to transition their attention away from an unfinished task and their subsequent task performance suffers.

為了完全轉(zhuǎn)移注意力、好好處理當(dāng)前任務(wù)，人們需要停止對(duì)另一項(xiàng)任務(wù)的思考。但是結(jié)果表明，人們很難將注意力從未完成的任務(wù)上轉(zhuǎn)移走，而這會(huì)損害下一個(gè)任務(wù)的表現(xiàn)。

Leroy calls this carryover from one task to another “attention residue,” where you’re still thinking of a previous task as you start another one. Even if you finish your task completely, you still have some attention residue swirling around your head as you embark on your next task, meaning that bullet point on your to-do list doesn’t start off on the right foot. In other words, as much as multitasking gets nods for being an asset in today’s time-crunched world, it’s not really a good thing when it comes to your productivity, and it’s actually a time-waster.

Leroy將這種任務(wù)遺留現(xiàn)象稱(chēng)為“注意殘?jiān)?rdquo;，即當(dāng)你開(kāi)啟另一項(xiàng)任務(wù)時(shí)，心里仍舊在想著前一個(gè)任務(wù)。即便徹底完成了前一項(xiàng)任務(wù)，你的大腦還是會(huì)在開(kāi)始下一個(gè)任務(wù)時(shí)盤(pán)旋著部分“注意殘?jiān)?rdquo;。換句話說(shuō)，在如今這個(gè)時(shí)間緊迫的世界里，多任務(wù)處理為人所稱(chēng)道;但它其實(shí)并不那么利于你的生產(chǎn)率，它會(huì)浪費(fèi)你的時(shí)間。

Here’s where what Newport calls “deep work” comes in: He suggests focusing on a single, intense task for a long period of time to reach peak productivity. You don’t get attention-residue issues, which means your output is stronger, cleaner, and just plain better from a lack of distractions. So if you’ve got ten emails to write, block off some time to just focus on those emails. If you’ve got a presentation due tomorrow, put your away message on, sequester yourself, and focus on banging out that presentation. Most important: Don’t stop — or begin something else — until you’re completely done.

因此，Newport提出“深度工作”：他建議人們長(zhǎng)時(shí)間專(zhuān)注于一項(xiàng)高強(qiáng)度的任務(wù)里，以達(dá)到最高生產(chǎn)力。當(dāng)你不再有“注意殘?jiān)?rdquo;的問(wèn)題時(shí)，你的產(chǎn)出將更高效、更暢通;在沒(méi)有干擾項(xiàng)的情況下，你的工作質(zhì)量將更高。因此，如果你還有一些郵件需要回復(fù)，那么可以隔出一些時(shí)間專(zhuān)門(mén)用于郵件處理。如果你明天有一個(gè)展示，那么便不要去理會(huì)各種信息，讓自己專(zhuān)注于展示的準(zhǔn)備。最重要的是：在任務(wù)完成之前，不要停止——或開(kāi)啟一項(xiàng)新任務(wù)。