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常春藤解析英語(yǔ) 12 Get Me Out of Here! 幽閉恐懼

所屬教程:常春藤解析英語(yǔ)

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by Jerri Graham

As the elevator closes, your throat tightens, hands sweat, and mind races from one horrible thought to another. What if the doors won't open? _(1)_ You begin to panic and pull at your clothes in desperation. If this terror sounds familiar, you may suffer from claustrophobia.

Claustrophobia is an anxiety disorder involving the fear of confined spaces. When a claustrophobic is in an enclosed space, he or she may be prone to have panic attacks. _(2)_ Some claustrophobics may even pass out if they feel overwhelmed by a situation. To avoid these feelings, they try to keep away from circumstances that trigger the dreaded panic. _(3)_ Subways, buses, or other forms of mass transportation where people are packed side by side could >set offgetting around in this manner, a claustrophobic will choose to drive, walk, or ride a bike instead.

Treatment for claustrophobia is available and with determination, it can be overcome. _(4)_ These elements are psychoeducation, breathing re-training, cognitive therapy, and virtual reality (VR) exposure. The aim of psychoeducation is to educate the patient. In this element, they learn about the claustrophobia that plagues them. Breathing re-training is a way for patients to relearn how to breathe naturally. Cognitive therapy helps patients learn and interpret their claustrophobia. Lastly, there's VR exposure. _(5)_

Claustrophobia can be cured. Patients must be willing to work hard to help release themselves from the locked doors of this disorder.

(A) A claustrophobic may even go so far as to walk up a dozen flights of stairs just to avoid traveling in an elevator.

(B) In a virtual world, patients can experience being in a situation they fear without actually being there.

(C) These attacks can result in shortness of breath, an increase in the heart rate, and dizziness.

(D) The best treatment programs use four different components.

(E) What if you run out of air?

原來(lái)如此

1. 第一題空格應(yīng)選 (E)

理由:

a. 空格前提到一個(gè)情境,情境中的主人翁似乎非常緊張不安,并問(wèn)了一個(gè)問(wèn)題:『如果門打不開怎么辦?』(What if the doors won't open?)。

b. 由此推測(cè),這主人翁應(yīng)該有一連串的疑問(wèn)或恐懼。而選項(xiàng) (E) 亦是由 What if 引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)句,符合上述推測(cè)。且門若打不開,可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致氧氣不足(run out of air),語(yǔ)意連貫,故選之。

大補(bǔ)丸:

run out of...  用完……

例: Hurry up! We're going to run out of time and miss the train.

(快一點(diǎn)!我們快沒時(shí)間了,就要錯(cuò)過(guò)火車了。)

2. 第二題空格應(yīng)選 (C)

理由:

a. 空格前提到當(dāng)

幽閉恐懼癥患者在一個(gè)封閉的空間時(shí),他的恐慌就會(huì)發(fā)作??崭窈髣t提到,若情況更加嚴(yán)重,有些患者甚至?xí)璧埂?/p>

b. 由此推測(cè),空格內(nèi)應(yīng)該舉出患者的恐慌發(fā)作時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生哪些癥狀。選項(xiàng) (C) 說(shuō)到一旦發(fā)作可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致呼吸困難、心跳加速和頭昏。其中的 attacks 和前一句的 panic attacks 形成關(guān)鍵詞,可知為正選。

大補(bǔ)丸:

a. result in...  導(dǎo)致∕造成……

= lead to...

例: The CEO's decisions resulted in his failure in the business world.

(那位執(zhí)行長(zhǎng)的決定導(dǎo)致自己在商場(chǎng)的失敗。)

b. shortness n. 缺乏,不足

c. dizziness n. 暈眩,頭昏

3. 第三題空格應(yīng)選 (A)

理由:

a. 空格前說(shuō)到,恐懼癥患者為了避免這種感覺,會(huì)盡量遠(yuǎn)離可能引發(fā)這種恐慌的環(huán)境(keep away from circumstances that trigger the dreaded panic)。推測(cè)空格內(nèi)應(yīng)該是進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明恐懼癥患者會(huì)采取何種措施來(lái)避免讓自己感到恐慌。

b. 選項(xiàng) (A) 提到,幽閉恐懼癥患者會(huì)爬上好幾層樓梯只為了避免搭乘電梯(avoid traveling in an elevator),與空格前的說(shuō)法『盡量遠(yuǎn)離可能引發(fā)這種恐慌的環(huán)境』相呼應(yīng),故選之。

大補(bǔ)丸:

a. go so far as to V  甚至?xí)?hellip;…

例: I can't believe that Carmen went so far as to lie to your boss to get you in trouble.

(我真不敢相信卡門會(huì)做出騙你老板,讓你惹上麻煩的事來(lái)。)

b. flight n. 樓梯的一段

4. 第四題空格應(yīng)選 (D)

理由:

a. 空格前提到幽閉恐懼癥有方法(Treatment)可以醫(yī)治,空格后則提到這些要素(elements)包含心理教育、呼吸再訓(xùn)練、認(rèn)知療法和虛擬實(shí)境曝露法。

b. 選項(xiàng) (D) 提到,最好的療程使用四種不同的構(gòu)成要素。其中的 treatment 與空格前的 treatment 形成關(guān)鍵詞,而 components 則和空格后的 elements 相呼應(yīng),可知 (D) 為正選。

大補(bǔ)丸:

component n. 構(gòu)成要素

5. 第五題空格應(yīng)選 (B)

理由:

a. 空格前提到虛擬實(shí)境曝露法,因此推測(cè)空格內(nèi)應(yīng)該繼續(xù)說(shuō)明該療法的方法或成效。

b. 選項(xiàng) (B) 提到,在虛擬的世界中,病患不用真正置身于令他們害怕的情況就能體驗(yàn)?zāi)菢拥那榫?。選項(xiàng)中的 in a virtual world(在虛擬世界中)和上一句的 VR (= virtual reality) exposure(虛擬實(shí)境曝露法)形成關(guān)鍵詞,可知 (B) 為正選。

大補(bǔ)丸:

experience vt. 經(jīng)歷

例: Ken experienced a period of hardship after he was laid off.

(肯被裁員之后經(jīng)歷了一段苦日子。)

精解字詞詞組

1. in desperation  絕望

desperation n. 絕望

例: In desperation, the mountain climber was forced to cut off his own arm.

(在絕望中,那名登山客被迫截?cái)嘧约旱氖直邸?

2. confined a.(空間)有限的,狹窄的

confine vt. 使受限

be confined to...  受限于∕局限于……

例: Sherry was confined to a wheelchair after she fell down the stairs.

(雪莉自從摔下樓梯后,就必須坐輪椅。)

3. feel overwhelmed by/with...  被……感覺淹沒

例: The drunk driver felt overwhelmed by guilt after he got into an accident.

(意外發(fā)生后,那名酒醉的駕駛感到強(qiáng)烈的罪惡感。)

4. trigger vt. 引起

例: The star's constant appearances on TV triggered an increase in sales of her autobiography.

(該明星不斷在電視上曝光,促使她的自傳銷量大增。)

5. set off...  引發(fā)……

例: The cat set off a sneezing attack that didn't stop for nearly an hour.

(那只貓引發(fā)的噴嚏將近一個(gè)小時(shí)都停不來(lái)。)

6. in this manner  以這種方式

例: When Gail behaves in this manner, I just ignore her and walk away.

(當(dāng)蓋兒出現(xiàn)這種舉動(dòng)時(shí),我會(huì)視而不見地走開。)

7. plague vt. 困擾

be plagued with...  因……困擾

例: Even though they were plagued with financial problems, the young couple still saved money.

(雖然這對(duì)年輕夫妻有財(cái)務(wù)困難,但他們依然存了些錢。)

8. release A from B  將 A 從 B 釋放出來(lái)

例: I hope that murderer is never released from prison.

(我希望那名殺人犯永遠(yuǎn)不要從牢里被釋放出來(lái)。)

單字小鋪

1. race vi. 加快速度

2. claustrophobia n. 幽閉恐懼癥

3. claustrophobic n. 幽閉恐懼癥患者

4. enclosed a. 密閉的

5. dreaded a. 可怕的

6. mass transportation n. 大眾交通工具

7. overcome vt. 克服

8. element n. 要素

9. psychoeducation n. 心理教育學(xué)

10. cognitive a. 認(rèn)知的

11. virtual reality n. 虛擬實(shí)境

12. interpret vt. 詮釋,解釋

詞組小鋪

1. be prone to...  有……傾向;易于……

2. pass out  昏倒(= faint)

3. side by side  并排地,肩并肩地

4. get around  四處走動(dòng)

5. be willing to V  愿意做……

中文翻譯&標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案

當(dāng)電梯關(guān)閉時(shí),你的喉嚨緊縮、雙手冒汗,一幕幕恐怖的畫面閃過(guò)你的腦海。如果門打不開怎么辦?如果缺氧怎么辦?你開始慌張起來(lái)并絕望地拉扯自己的衣服。如果這樣的恐懼聽起來(lái)很熟悉,你可能是患了幽閉恐懼癥。

幽閉恐懼癥是一種害怕密閉空間的焦慮失調(diào)。當(dāng)一名幽閉恐懼癥患者在一個(gè)封閉的空間時(shí),他的恐慌就會(huì)發(fā)作。一旦發(fā)作可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致呼吸困難、心跳加速和頭暈。若情況加重,有些患者甚至?xí)璧?。為了避免這種感覺,他們會(huì)盡量遠(yuǎn)離可能引發(fā)這種恐慌的環(huán)境。幽閉恐懼癥患者甚至?xí)郎虾脦讓訕翘葜粸榱吮苊獯畛穗娞?。人潮擁擠的地鐵、巴士或其它大眾運(yùn)輸工具也可能引發(fā)恐懼。幽閉恐懼癥患者會(huì)舍棄用這種方式通勤,而選擇開車、走路或騎自行車。

幽閉恐懼癥有方法可以醫(yī)治,有毅力的話,還能痊愈。最好的療程使用四種不同的構(gòu)成要素。這些要素是心理教育、呼吸再訓(xùn)練、認(rèn)知療法和虛擬實(shí)境曝露法。心理教育的目的在于教育病患。在此方法中,他們學(xué)習(xí)困擾他們自身的幽閉恐懼癥。呼吸再訓(xùn)練是讓病患重新學(xué)習(xí)自然呼吸的方法。認(rèn)知療法協(xié)助病患學(xué)習(xí)并解讀自己的幽閉恐懼癥。最后是虛擬實(shí)境曝露法。在虛擬的世界中,病患不必真正置身于令他們害怕的情況,就能體驗(yàn)?zāi)菢拥那榫场?/p>

幽閉恐懼癥并非不治之癥。但病患得愿意努力讓自己脫離這道緊閉的恐懼癥大門。

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案: 1. (E) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. (D) 5. (B)

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