常春藤解析英語 38 A Kiss Isn't Just a Kiss　送你一個吻

A Kiss Isn't Just a Kiss　送你一個吻

by Marcus Maurice

Kissing is one of human beings' most frequently misunderstood acts. Particularly when people from different cultures meet, this common action can cause some major embarrassment if done _(1)_. This is because kissing can display levels of respect or emotion that _(2)_ culture to culture.

Kissing is thought to have started when parents chewed up food and then fed the soft _(3)_ to a baby or small child. Anthropologists believe that this happened in every culture before baby foods became _(4)_ in the marketplace.

Kissing friends and family members is called a social kiss and it has many variations. Many adults give a smooch to loved ones, but _(5)_ on culture or family, it can be on the lips or on the cheek. In some groups, one or a pair of kisses are given on the cheek as a friendly _(6)_ and may even be shared by those who have just met.

A ceremonial kiss is more formal, and popular in European countries. When leaders of countries or other higher-ups meet, they give a quick peck on both cheeks. This kiss _(7)_ the goodwill between the two parties the people are representing. Furthermore, a kiss can be the ultimate _(8)_ of romance. Kissing someone we love can be a thrilling way to show our affection. Native Americans believed that exhaling breath into another person would help _(9)_ their souls.

Whether social, ceremonial, or romantic, kisses _(10)_ people's desire to join together. The kiss is one of the most popular social practices in the world today. It is safe to say that almost all adults have felt the soft touch of a pair of lips on their own.

(A) greeting (B) common (C) symbolizes (D) vary from (E) expression

(F) arose from (G) combine (H) depending (I) remains (J) incorrectly

原來如此

1. ...this common action can cause some major embarrassment if done incorrectly.

理由:

a. 空格前 if 引導的副詞子句省略了與前句相同的主詞，原句應為：

...this common action can cause some major embarrassment if this common action is done...

b. 根據(jù)上述，原句空格前的 if done 實等于 if this common action is done(如果這種普遍的行為被做)。由于 is done(被做)是動詞詞組，故應以副詞修飾。選項中僅 (J) incorrectly(不正確地)為副詞，故為正選。

c. incorrectly adv. 不正確地

2. ...kissing can display levels of respect or emotion that vary from culture to culture.

理由:

a. 空格前有關(guān)系代名詞 that 代替其前的復數(shù)名詞 levels of respect or emotion。此處 that 作主詞，此外，由于本段時態(tài)均為現(xiàn)在式，得知空格應置入現(xiàn)在式復數(shù)動詞。

b. 選項中僅 (D) vary from(隨……不同)與 (G) combine(結(jié)合)為現(xiàn)在式復數(shù)動詞，唯根據(jù)語意，(D) 應為正選。

c. vary from...to...　　從……到……有所不同

例: Fans of Jay Chou vary from very young children to grandparents.

(周杰倫的歌迷老少皆有。)

3. ...when parents chewed up food and then fed the soft remains to a baby or small child.

理由:

a. 空格前有定冠詞 the 和形容詞 soft(柔軟的)，可知空格應置入名詞。

b. 選項中為名詞的有 (A) greeting(問候)、(E) expression(表現(xiàn))及 (I) remains(剩余物)，但僅 remains 置入后符合語意，故 (I) 為正選。

c. remains n. 剩余的物品(恒用復數(shù))

4. ...this happened in every culture before baby foods became common in the marketplace.

理由:

a. 空格前有不完全不及物動詞 became(變成)，其后應置名詞或形容詞作主詞補語。

b. 符合上述條件的選項有 (A) greeting(問候)、(B) common(普遍的)及 (E) expression(表達)，但僅 common 置入后符合語意，故 (B) 為正選。

c. common a. 普遍的

5. ...but depending on culture or family, it can be on the lips or on the cheek.

理由:

a. 本空格測試下列固定用法：

Depending on..., S + V　　視……而定，……

例: Depending on your mood, we can go out tonight or just stay home.

(我們今晚可以外出也可以待在家，端看你的心情而定。)

b. 根據(jù)上述，故選 (H)。

6. In some groups, one or a pair of kisses are given on the cheek as a friendly greeting...

理由:

a. 空格前有不定冠詞 a 和形容詞 friendly(友善的)，可知空格內(nèi)應置入單數(shù)名詞。

b. 選項 (A) greeting(問候)為單數(shù)名詞，置入后亦符合語意，故為正選。

c. greeting n. 問候，打招呼

7. The kiss symbolizes the goodwill between the two parties the people are representing.

理由:

a. 空格前的名詞 kiss(親吻)為本句的主詞，其后的名詞 the goodwill(善意)為受詞，可知此處應置入第三人稱單數(shù)及物動詞。

b. 選項 (C) symbolizes(象征)符合上述條件，置入后語意通順，故為正選。

c. symbolize vt. 象征

例: This gift symbolizes the long friendship our two countries have had.

(這項禮物象征我們兩國長久以來的友誼。)

8. Furthermore, a kiss can be the ultimate expression of romance.

理由:

a. 空格前有定冠詞 the 和形容詞 ultimate(終極的)，可知空格應置入名詞。

b. 選項 (E) expression(表現(xiàn))為名詞，且置入后亦符合語意，故為正選。

c. expression n. 表現(xiàn)，表達

9. ...believed that exhaling breath into another person would help combine their souls.

理由:

a. 空格前有動詞 help，而 help 可用于下列句構(gòu)：

help (to) V　　幫助……

例: Could you help (to) do the dishes?

(你可以幫忙洗碗嗎?)

b. 根據(jù)上述，(G) combine(結(jié)合)為原形及物動詞，之后的 their souls(他們的靈魂)作其受詞，合乎語意及文法，故 (G) 為正選。

c. combine vt. 結(jié)合

combine A with B　　結(jié)合 A 與 B

例: If we combine these two classes, there will be too many students.

(如果把兩班合在一起的話，學生人數(shù)會太多。)

10. Whether social, ceremonial, or romantic, kisses arose from people's desire to join together.

理由:

a. 根據(jù)判斷，空格前的名詞 kisses(親吻)是主詞，空格后的名詞 people's desire(人們的欲望)是受詞，得知空格應置復數(shù)及物動詞或及物詞組動詞。

b. 選項中僅剩 (F) arose from(起因于)為詞組動詞，置入后亦符合語意，故 (F) 應為正選。

c. arise from...　　起因于……

= result from...

arise 動詞三態(tài)：arise, arose, arisen。

例: Social problems like violence arise from poverty.

(像暴力這類的社會問題常起因于貧窮。)

精解字詞詞組

1. misunderstand vt. 誤會

注意:

本文中的 misunderstood(被誤解的)為過去分詞作形容詞用。

例: I think you misunderstood what I said.

(我想你誤會我說的話了。)

2. display vt. 展現(xiàn);陳列

例: The painter displayed his latest works in the art gallery.

(該畫家在那家藝廊展示自己最新的作品。)

3. chew up.../chew...up　　嚼碎∕咀嚼……

例: I don't have my homework today because my dog chewed it up.

(我今天沒法交作業(yè)，因為被我的狗吃掉了。)

* 這是美國小朋友沒寫作業(yè)時經(jīng)常用的借口。

注意:

chew 尚有下列重要用法：

bite off more than one can chew

貪多嚼不爛，自不量力：從事太多工作而無力完成

例: When he took that difficult job, he bit off more than he could chew.

(他接下那份困難的工作實在是自不量力。)

4. share vt. 分享

share sth with sb　　和某人分享某物

例: Billy is very generous; he always shares his toys with his friends.

(比利很大方;他總是把自己的玩具分給朋友一起玩。)

5. represent vt. 代表

例: I would be proud to represent my country at the Olympics.

(能代表國家參加奧運我深感驕傲。)

6. exhale vt. & vi. 呼出

inhale vt. & vi. 吸進

例: I need to buy a mask because I inhale a lot of dust when riding my scooter.

(我需要買個口罩，因為騎機車時會吸進好多灰塵。)

7. It is safe to say + that 子句　　說……準不會錯，可以肯定地說……

例: It is safe to say that any small child would love to go to Disneyland.

(說所有小朋友都喜歡去迪斯尼樂園準沒錯。)

單字小鋪

1. frequently adv. 頻繁，常常

2. particularly adv. 尤其

3. embarrassment n. 尷尬，難為情

4. emotion n. 情感

5. anthropologist n. 人類學家

6. marketplace n. 市場

7. variation n. 變化

8. smooch n. 親吻

9. cheek n. 臉頰

10. friendly a. 友善的

11. ceremonial a. 禮儀(上)的

12. formal a. 正式的

13. higher-up n. 高層人物

14. peck n. 輕啄

15. goodwill n. 善意

16. ultimate a. 最大的，終極的

17. thrilling a. 令人興奮的

18. affection n. 感情

19. romantic a. 愛情的，浪漫的

20. practice n.(社會的)慣例，習俗

中文翻譯&標準答案

親吻是人類最容易造成誤解的行為之一。尤其是當來自不同文化的人們相遇時，若是親吻不當，這種尋常行為可能造成令人非常尷尬的場面。這是因為隨著文化不同，親吻展現(xiàn)出的敬意和情感程度也不相同。

親吻被認為是由父母親咀嚼食物，再將軟爛的嚼碎物喂食嬰兒和小孩開始的。人類學家相信在嬰兒食品普及市場之前，各個文化中都可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這種行為。

親吻朋友和家人稱之為社交親吻，而且巧妙各有不同。許多成年人會親吻所愛的人，但依文化或家庭不同，這個吻有可能落在唇上或臉頰上。在某些群體中，落在臉頰上的吻是友善的問候方式，甚至會發(fā)生在初次見面的人身上。

基于禮節(jié)的親吻比較正式，在歐洲國家很普遍。當各國領(lǐng)袖或其它高階會面時，他們會在臉頰兩邊快速親一下。這種親吻象征兩造代表的雙方之間的善意。尤有甚者，親吻也是愛情的終極表現(xiàn)。親吻自己所愛的人是令人興奮的情感表達方式。美國原住民相信，將氣渡給另一個人可以使兩人的靈魂結(jié)合。

不論是社交上的、基于禮儀的，或是浪漫的，親吻都起于人們想緊密相連的欲望。親吻是今日世界最普遍的社會習俗之一?？梢源虬闭f，幾乎每個成年人都曾經(jīng)體驗過他人柔軟雙唇的觸感。

標準答案:　1. (J)　2. (D)　3. (I)　4. (B)　5. (H)　6. (A)　7. (C)　8. (E)　9. (G)　10. (F)