常春藤解析英語(yǔ) 48 The Little Land of Long Life　長(zhǎng)壽小國(guó)安道爾

The Little Land of Long Life　長(zhǎng)壽小國(guó)安道爾

by Jerri Graham & Kevin Lustig

There is an old saying: the only things that are certain in life are death and taxes. Yet in Andorra, a small country in the Pyrenees mountain range between France and Spain, death comes slow and taxes are nonexistent. This tiny nation is culturally rich, financially sound, and tourist-friendly.

You may have a hard time _(1)_ Andorra on a map. The country is just 464 square kilometers. Its population is only 73,100, and 67.7 percent of the people there are immigrants from other European countries. Because of this _(2)_, the majority of Andorrans speak four languages. The country is a tax haven, and many of the world's extremely wealthy list Andorra as their home country because of the great tax laws. In fact, because taxes are _(3)_ nonexistent, postage stamps issued by the government are one of the nation's leading sources of income. The tax laws also _(4)_ a lot of tourism, as tax-free shopping is available throughout the country.

Impressively, Andorra currently has the world's highest life expectancy at a(n) _(5)_ of 83.52 years of age. One theory for this longevity is that its tourism-based economy doesn't include many strenuous occupations, so Andorrans aren't _(6)_ to suffer ill health due to work. Also, the country's low population limits hazards like car accidents. No one can say for sure _(7)_ the recipe for longevity is in this small, mountaintop country. Whatever the reasons, the citizens of Andorra are living for many years of wealth, health, and happiness.

1.　(A) to find　　　　(B) finding　　　　　(C) found　　　　　(D) to finding

2.　(A) anxiety　　　　(B) personality　　　(C) capacity　　　(D) diversity

3.　(A) practically　　(B) scarcely　　　　　(C) exactly　　　(D) relatively

4.　(A) achieve　　　　(B) release　　　　　(C) attract　　　　(D) withdraw

5.　(A) balance　　　　(B) height　　　　　(C) average　　　　(D) expense

6.　(A) maybe　　　　　(B) likely　　　　　(C) probable　　　　(D) possible

7.　(A) what　　　　　(B) that　　　　　　(C) which　　　　　　(D) whether

原來(lái)如此

1.You may have a hard time finding Andorra on a map.

理由:

a.本空格測(cè)試下列用法：

have a hard time + V-ing　　做……有困難

= have difficulty + V-ing

= have trouble + V-ing

= have problems + V-ing

例:We had a hard time convincing Stuart to sell us his car.

(我們很難說(shuō)服史圖華特把車賣給我們。)

b.根據(jù)上述用法，可知應(yīng)選 (B) finding。

2.Because of this diversity, the majority of Andorrans speak four languages.

理由:

a.(A) anxiety n. 焦慮

(B) personality n. 人格，個(gè)性

(C) capacity n. 容量

例:The bus has a capacity of 24 people.

(這輛公交車的載客量為 24 人。)

(D) diversity n. 多樣性

例:The college prides itself on the diversity of its students.

(這所大學(xué)以其學(xué)生的多元背景自豪。)

b.空格前提到，安道爾的人口有百分之 67.7 是來(lái)自歐洲其它國(guó)家的移民，可知由于這樣的『多樣性』，大部分的安道爾人會(huì)說(shuō)四種語(yǔ)言，故選 (D)。

3.In fact, because taxes are practically nonexistent, postage stamps issued by the government are...

理由:

a.(A) practically adv. 幾乎

理由:

practically(= almost)通常用來(lái)修飾涵蓋性完全的詞類，共計(jì)有四個(gè)：every、no、all、any。

例:Tom is late for work practically every day.

(湯姆幾乎每天上班都遲到。)

(B) scarcely adv. 幾乎不

(C) exactly adv. 精確地;恰好地

注意:

exactly 一般不用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞，而通常置于數(shù)字或含疑問(wèn)詞(what, where, when, how, who)的名詞子句之前，以強(qiáng)調(diào)該數(shù)字或疑問(wèn)詞。

(D) relatively adv. 相當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

b.空格后為形容詞 nonexistent(不存在的)，故根據(jù)上述語(yǔ)意、用法，可知應(yīng)選 (A)。

4.The tax laws also attract a lot of tourism,...

理由:

a.(A) achieve vt. 達(dá)成

achieve one's goal　　達(dá)成某人的目標(biāo)

(B) release vt. 發(fā)行

(C) attract vt. 吸引

(D) withdraw vt. 提取;撤回

例:I wanted to withdraw some money from the ATM, but I forgot the password.

(我想從提款機(jī)領(lǐng)一些錢(qián)，卻忘了密碼。)

b.根據(jù)前后語(yǔ)意，可知應(yīng)選 (C)。

5.Impressively, Andorra currently has the world's highest life expectancy at a(n) average of 83.52 years of age.

理由:

a.(A) balance n. 平衡

strike a balance between A and B

在 A 與 B 之間取得平衡

例:We need to strike a balance between economic development and environmental protection.

(我們需要在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和環(huán)保之間找到平衡點(diǎn)。)

(B) at a height of...　　在……的高度

例:The plane flew at a height of 700 meters.

(這架飛機(jī)的飛行高度是七百英尺。)

(C) an average of + 數(shù)字　　平均……

例:Our university has mostly older students, at an average of 35 years old.

(我們大學(xué)里大多是年長(zhǎng)的學(xué)生，平均年齡三十五歲。)

(D) at the expense of...

= at the sacrifice of...

= at the price of...

= at the cost of...

以……為代價(jià);犧牲……

例:I don't want to succeed at the expense of my friendships.

(我不想犧牲友誼來(lái)獲得成功。)

b.根據(jù)上述語(yǔ)意、用法，可知應(yīng)選 (C)。

6...., so Andorrans aren't likely to suffer ill health due to work.

理由:

a.本空格測(cè)試下列固定用法：

be likely to V　　有做……的可能

例:You are likely to bump into her if you go to the library at 6:00 every day.

= It's likely that you bump into her if you go to the library at 6:00 every day.

(如果你每天六點(diǎn)到圖書(shū)館去，就有可能遇到她。)

b. maybe(或許)為副詞，使用時(shí)通常置于句首，故 (A) 不可選。

c. 無(wú) "人 + be probable/possible to V" 之用法，因?yàn)檫@兩個(gè)形容詞無(wú)法用來(lái)修飾人，故 (C)、(D) 均不可選。

d.根據(jù)上述，可知應(yīng)選 (B)。

7. No one can say for sure what the recipe for longevity is in this small, mountaintop country.

理由:

空格前為及物動(dòng)詞 say，其后則為有主詞和動(dòng)詞的子句，由此可知，空格應(yīng)選填可引導(dǎo)名詞子句的詞類，以作為 say 的受詞。

a. what 為疑問(wèn)代名詞，可引導(dǎo)名詞子句，且 what 置入空格后，除可作及物動(dòng)詞 say 的受詞，亦可作 is 后的主詞補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，符合語(yǔ)意、用法，故選 (A)。

例:Do you understand what I just said?

(你了解我剛剛說(shuō)的話嗎?)

b. that 雖可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)名詞子句，但其后須為完整的子句，而此處空格須置入可作主詞補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的詞類，故 (B) 不可選。

c. which 為關(guān)系代名詞，使用時(shí)其前須有先行詞(名詞)，故 (C) 不可選。

例:This is the book which I bought yesterday.

(這就是我昨天買的那本書(shū)。)

d. whether(是否)亦可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)名詞子句，但置入后語(yǔ)意不符，故 (D) 亦不可選。

精解字詞詞組

1. the majority of...　　大多數(shù)的……

例: The majority of coal miners have respiratory problems in their old age.

(大多數(shù)的煤礦工人年老時(shí)都有呼吸方面的問(wèn)題。)

2. list A as B　　將 A 列為 B

例: The game program lists Sam as a third baseman.

(出賽名單將山姆列為三壘手。)

3. issue vt. 發(fā)布

例: We can't issue you a passport until you fill out this form.

(如果你不填這張表格，我們就無(wú)法發(fā)護(hù)照給你。)

4. impressively adv. 令人印象深刻地

impressive a. 令人印象深刻的

例: The young singer was impressive during his first public performance.

(那位年輕歌手首次公開(kāi)演出就令人印象深刻。)

5. suffer vt. 遭受 & vi. 受苦;罹患(疾病)

suffer from...　　飽受……(疾病)之苦

例: The general suffered several defeats before finally beating the enemy.

(那位將軍遭受數(shù)次戰(zhàn)敗后，終于擊敗敵軍。)

例: Elizabeth suffers from high blood pressure.

(伊麗莎白罹患高血壓。)

6. hazard n. 危險(xiǎn)

hazardous a. 危險(xiǎn)的

occupational hazards　　職業(yè)傷害

be a hazard to...　　對(duì)……構(gòu)成危險(xiǎn)

= be hazardous to...

例: Smoking is hazardous to your health.

(吸煙有害健康。)

7. whatever...　　不管∕不論什么……

= no matter what...

例: No matter what he says, I will not listen to him.

(不論他說(shuō)什么，我都不聽(tīng)。)

本文：

Whatever the reasons, the citizens of Andorra are living...

= Whatever the reasons may be, the citizens of Andorra are living...

單字小鋪

1. mountain range n. 山脈

2. nonexistent a. 不存在的

existent a. 存在的

3. sound a. 健全的;完好的

4. tourist-friendly a. 對(duì)觀光客友善的

5. population n. 人口(集合名詞)

6. immigrant n. 外來(lái)移民

7. tax haven　　避稅場(chǎng)所

* 指吸引許多人去居住或投資的無(wú)稅或低稅率國(guó)家或地區(qū)。

haven n. 避風(fēng)港;避難所

8. postage n. 郵資

9. leading a. 最重要的

10. income n. 收入

11. tax-free a. 免稅的

12. available a. 可得到的

13. life expectancy n. 預(yù)期壽命

14. longevity n. 長(zhǎng)壽

15. tourism-based a. 以觀光業(yè)為本的

16. strenuous a. 費(fèi)力的

17. occupation n. 職業(yè)

18. recipe n. 訣竅，方法;食譜

中文翻譯&標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案

有句俗話說(shuō)，生命中有兩件事情是確定的，就是死亡與稅收。不過(guò)在位于西法交界的庇里牛斯山脈中的小國(guó)安道爾，死神珊珊來(lái)遲，而稅收也不存在。這個(gè)小國(guó)富有文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)健全，且對(duì)觀光客很友善。

在地圖上你很難找到安道爾。這個(gè)國(guó)家僅 464 平方公里，人口只有七萬(wàn)三千一百人，其中百分之 67.7 是來(lái)自歐洲其它國(guó)家的移民。由于這樣的多樣性，大部分的安道爾人會(huì)說(shuō)四種語(yǔ)言。這個(gè)地方是個(gè)避稅天堂，世界上許多超級(jí)富翁都因安道爾絕佳的稅務(wù)制度而將這里當(dāng)作自己的家。事實(shí)上，因?yàn)槎愂諑缀醪淮嬖?，政府發(fā)行的郵票成了該國(guó)的主要收入之一。其稅法也吸引了許多觀光客，因?yàn)槿珖?guó)到處都有免稅商店。

令人印象深刻的是，安道爾目前是全球最長(zhǎng)壽的國(guó)家，平均壽命是 83.52 歲。關(guān)于他們長(zhǎng)壽的理論之一是，他們以觀光為基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)濟(jì)不包含許多耗費(fèi)體力的職業(yè)，因此安道爾人較不會(huì)因?yàn)楣ぷ鞫绊懮眢w健康。再者，安道爾的人口稀少也限制了行車意外等危險(xiǎn)。沒(méi)有人能確定安道爾這個(gè)山中小國(guó)長(zhǎng)壽的秘訣究竟是什么。不過(guò)無(wú)論理由為何，安道爾的居民都將繼續(xù)過(guò)著富足、健康和幸福的生活。

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案: 1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (A) 4. (C) 5. (C)　6. (B) 7. (A)