常春藤解析英語(yǔ) 63 The World's Favorite Fish Dish　Sushi，我的菜！

The World's Favorite Fish Dish　Sushi，我的菜!

by Jessica Isaacs

Nowadays, sushi is popular everywhere from upscale restaurants to household kitchens. However, the methods used in the preparation of sushi today were _(1)_ a way in which some Southeast Asians preserved fish. Since fish was an important part of their diet, but quickly went bad, people invented a way to ferment fish and rice _(2)_ the fish could be stored. After several months, the fish would be consumed, but the rice had to be thrown away. This method of preservation eventually found its way to Japan.

However, in Japan, sushi became much more than a way to prepare fish for _(3)_. During Japan's Muromachi period (室町幕府時(shí)期，1336 年至 1573 年), chefs began _(4)_ vinegar to rice and serving the fish and rice together. This popular culinary invention spread throughout Japan, becoming common in large cities and small towns _(5)_. It was in Tokyo, Japan's capital, that modern sushi was born. In the 1800s, a chef in Tokyo began using fresh ingredients _(6)_ in Tokyo Bay and immediately serving them on the vinegar rice without fermentation. Modern sushi became popular in Japan soon after.

Today, sushi remains a popular food and _(7)_ many varieties. While sushi in the traditional style, a single piece of seafood served on a small mound of rice, can still be found, modern versions like sushi rolls, battleship sushi, and sushi bowls are also very common. These delightful dishes have gained in popularity around the world, especially in Asia and North America. Today, people the world over are enjoying sushi as a fresh, healthy meal.

1. (A) currently (B) originally (C) deliberately (D) accidentally

2. (A) since (B) meanwhile (C) so that (D) as a result

3. (A) storage (B) maintenance (C) support (D) reservation

4. (A) fixing (B) offering (C) filling (D) adding

5. (A) instead (B) alike (C) the same (D) likewise

6. (A) caught (B) catch (C) catching (D) to catch

7. (A) relies on (B) takes over (C) stands for (D) comes in

原來(lái)如此

1. However, the methods used in the preparation of sushi today were originally a way in which some Southeast Asians preserved fish.

理由:

a.

(A) currently adv. 目前

(B) originally adv. 起初，原先

(C) deliberately adv. 故意地

= on purpose

例: She said she hit me by accident, but I think she did it deliberately.

(她說(shuō)是不小心打到我，但我覺(jué)得她是故意的。)

(D) accidentally adv. 意外地

= by accident

例: Mark accidentally knocked over his cup of coffee.

(馬克不小心打翻了他的咖啡。)

b. 空格前有過(guò)去式 be 動(dòng)詞 were，故知 (A) currently 不可選。originally 表『起初』，故知應(yīng)與過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞并用，且置入后亦符合語(yǔ)意，可知應(yīng)選 (B)。

2. Since fish was an important part of their diet, but quickly went bad, people invented a way to ferment fish and rice so that the fish could be stored.

理由:

a.

(A) since conj. 自從……以來(lái);因?yàn)?/p>

(B) meanwhile adv.

= in the meantime　　同時(shí)，在此期間

例: Bill will be here in ten minutes. Meanwhile, would you like some coffee?

(比爾十分鐘后就到。在此期間，你要不要喝杯咖啡?)

(C) so that...　　以便∕如此一來(lái)……

注意:

so that 為表『目的』的副詞連接詞，引導(dǎo)副詞子句，修飾主要子句，且其所引導(dǎo)的子句中，常與助動(dòng)詞 may、might、can、could 等并用。

例: You should study harder so that you can go to a good university.

(你應(yīng)該更加努力用功，以便能進(jìn)入一所好大學(xué)就讀。)

(D) As a result, S + V　　結(jié)果，……

b. meanwhile 和 as a result 分別為副詞和副詞詞組，無(wú)法用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)句子，故 (B)、(D) 不可選;(A) since 和 (C) so that 均為連接詞，然根據(jù)語(yǔ)意，可知應(yīng)選 (C)。

3. However, in Japan, sushi became much more than a way to prepare fish for storage.

理由:

a.

(A) storage n. 儲(chǔ)藏

(B) maintenance n. 維修，保養(yǎng)

例: Careful maintenance can extend the life of your car.

(細(xì)心的保養(yǎng)可以延長(zhǎng)車(chē)子的壽命。)

(C) support n. 支撐;支持

(D) reservation n. 保留;預(yù)訂

make a reservation　　預(yù)約

b. 根據(jù)語(yǔ)意，可知應(yīng)選 (A)。

4. During Japan's Muromachi period, chefs began adding vinegar to rice and serving the fish and rice together.

理由:

a.

(A) fix A to B　　把 A 固定在 B 上

例: Dad fixed the fan to the ceiling.

(爸爸將電風(fēng)扇裝在天花板上。)

(B) offer A to B　　把 A 提供給 B

(C) fill A with B　　用 B 把 A 裝滿

例: Robert filled the pot with water.

(羅伯把罐子裝滿水。)

(D) add A to B　　把 A 加進(jìn) B

例: You can add as much sugar to the tea as you like.

(你想在茶里加多少糖就加多少。)

b. 空格后有介詞 to，可知 (C) 不可選。fix、offer 及 add 均可與 to 并用，然根據(jù)語(yǔ)意，可知應(yīng)選 (D)。

5. This popular culinary invention spread throughout Japan, becoming common in large cities and small towns alike.

理由:

a.

(A) instead adv. 反而，卻

(B) alike adv. 同樣地(用于下列詞組中)

A and B alike　　A 和 B

例: The strike yesterday was harmful to management and labor alike.

(昨天的罷工對(duì)勞資雙方都造成傷害。)

(C) the same　　相同地

(D) likewise adv. 同樣地

例: Jane was up at dawn, and her baby was likewise.

(阿珍天一亮就起來(lái)，她的寶寶也是。)

b. (A) instead 置入后不符合語(yǔ)意，故不可選;無(wú) "A and B the same" 或 "A and B likewise" 的用法，故 (C)、(D) 不可選。僅 alike 置入后符合語(yǔ)意、用法，故選 (B)。

6. In the 1800s, a chef in Tokyo began using fresh ingredients caught in Tokyo Bay and immediately serving them on the vinegar rice without fermentation.

理由:

a. 本句中已有主詞 a chef(廚師)，動(dòng)詞 began(開(kāi)始)，之后的 using fresh ingredients(使用新鮮材料)為受詞，可知空格應(yīng)置入分詞，以與其后的地方副詞詞組 in Tokyo Bay(在東京灣)形成分詞詞組，作形容詞用，修飾其前的 ingredients。

b. 根據(jù)上述，可知 (B) catch 及 (D) to catch 不可選。而由于 catch(捕捉)是及物動(dòng)詞，由此可知應(yīng)選 (A) 選項(xiàng)的過(guò)去分詞 caught，而不可選 (C) 選項(xiàng)的現(xiàn)在分詞 catching。

c. 原句分析如下：

...a chef in Tokyo began using fresh ingredients caught in the Tokyo Bay...

= ...a chef in Tokyo began using fresh ingredients which were caught in the Tokyo Bay...

(……東京有一位廚師開(kāi)始用在東京灣捕到的新鮮漁獲當(dāng)作食材……)

7. Today, sushi remains a popular food and comes in many varieties.

理由:

a.

(A) rely on...　　信賴(lài)∕依賴(lài)……

(B) take over...　　接管……

例: Dan took over his father's business when he was 30 years of age.

(丹恩在而立之年接管父親的事業(yè)。)

(C) stand for...　　代表∕表示……

(D) come in...　　有……(顏色、尺寸、形狀等)

例: That shirt you like comes in blue and black.

(你喜歡的那件襯衫有藍(lán)、黑兩種顏色。)

b. 根據(jù)語(yǔ)意，可知應(yīng)選 (D)。

精解字詞詞組

1.　preserve vt. 保存(食物);腌制

例: He preserves the fruits grown in his orchard and sells them at the market.

(他把自家果園種的水果腌制后再拿到市場(chǎng)去賣(mài)。)

2.　consume vt. 吃掉;喝掉

例: My little brother consumed an entire box of cookies after dinner last night.

(我弟弟昨天晚餐后還吃掉一整盒餅干。)

3.　serve vt. 供應(yīng)，上(菜)

例: Could you serve the appetizer while I pour the wine?

(我倒紅酒時(shí)你可以上開(kāi)胃菜嗎?)

4.　delightful a. 令人愉快的

delight n. 愉快;樂(lè)趣

take delight in...　　喜愛(ài)∕樂(lè)于從事……

例: He takes delight in helping people.

(他樂(lè)于助人。)

5.　gain in popularity　　受到歡迎，開(kāi)始流行

popularity n. 受歡迎，普及

例: Hip hop music has really gained in popularity over the last ten years.

(嘻哈樂(lè)在過(guò)去十年間深受歡迎。)

6.　especially adv. 尤其，特別

例: The black cherry tree requires plenty of sunlight, so it hates to have neighbors, especially taller ones.

= The black cherry tree requires plenty of sunlight, so it hates to have neighbors, particularly taller ones.

= The black cherry tree requires plenty of sunlight, so it hates to have neighbors, taller ones in particular.

(黑櫻桃樹(shù)需要充足的陽(yáng)光，所以它不喜歡鄰近有其它樹(shù)木，特別是高大的樹(shù)木。)

單字小鋪

1. upscale a. 高檔的

2. household a. 家庭的 & n. 家庭

3. preparation n. 準(zhǔn)備

4. diet n. 飲食

5. ferment vt. 使發(fā)酵 & vi. 發(fā)酵

6. preservation n. 保存;防腐

7. chef n. 廚師;主廚

8. vinegar n. 醋

9. culinary a. 烹飪的

10. ingredient n.(烹飪用的)原料，材料

11. fermentation n. 發(fā)酵

12. mound n. 堆;垛

13. battleship n. 戰(zhàn)艦

詞組小鋪

1. throw away...　　丟棄……

2. soon after　　不久之后

3. around the world　　全世界

= the world over

= across the world

= all over the world

中文翻譯&標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案

現(xiàn)今，壽司從高級(jí)餐廳到居家料理都極受歡迎。然而，現(xiàn)今制作壽司的方法是原本某些東南亞人民用來(lái)保存魚(yú)肉的方式。魚(yú)肉是東南亞人民飲食中很重要的一部分，但由于很快就腐壞，于是人們發(fā)明一種方法讓魚(yú)肉和米飯發(fā)酵，以便保存魚(yú)肉。幾個(gè)月后，魚(yú)肉被食用，但米飯卻得丟掉。這種防止魚(yú)肉腐敗的方式最后傳入日本。

然而，壽司在日本演變成不只是用來(lái)保存魚(yú)肉的方式而已。日本在室町幕府時(shí)期，廚師開(kāi)始把醋加入米飯中，然后將魚(yú)肉和米飯一起端上桌。這種創(chuàng)新的料理方式傳遍全日本，在大城小鎮(zhèn)中隨處可見(jiàn)。而現(xiàn)代壽司誕生之處正是日本的首都東京。19 世紀(jì)時(shí)，東京有一位廚師開(kāi)始用在東京灣捕到的新鮮漁獲當(dāng)作食材，在未經(jīng)發(fā)酵的情況下，將魚(yú)肉放在醋飯上立即讓食客享用。不久后現(xiàn)代壽司便開(kāi)始風(fēng)靡全日本。

現(xiàn)今，壽司仍然是人氣很旺的一道料理，而且選擇越來(lái)越多。一片海鮮和小團(tuán)醋飯組成的傳統(tǒng)壽司仍很常見(jiàn)，而像壽司卷、軍艦壽司和壽司蓋飯等現(xiàn)代版壽司也很普遍。這些令人胃口大開(kāi)的佳肴在全球大受歡迎，尤其是亞洲和北美洲。今天，全世界的人都把壽司當(dāng)成新鮮、健康的餐點(diǎn)來(lái)享用。

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案: 1. (B)　2. (C)　3. (A)　4. (D)　5. (B)　6. (A)　7. (D)