我國(guó)首顆“量子衛(wèi)星”升空

8月16日凌晨1時(shí)40分04秒，我國(guó)在酒泉衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心用長(zhǎng)征二號(hào)丁運(yùn)載火箭成功將世界首顆量子科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)衛(wèi)星發(fā)射升空，標(biāo)志著我國(guó)空間科學(xué)研究又邁出重要一步。

請(qǐng)看相關(guān)報(bào)道：

China launched the world's first quantum experiment satellite on Tuesday, taking a big step in building a space-based quantum communication network that would be virtually uncrackable.

8月16日，中國(guó)發(fā)射了世界首顆量子實(shí)驗(yàn)衛(wèi)星，朝著建立一個(gè)防破解的空間量子通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)邁進(jìn)了一大步。

The satellite has been named "Micius" after a 5th century B.C. Chinese philosopher and scientist who is credited as being the first person in history to conduct optical experiments.

這顆衛(wèi)星以公元前5世紀(jì)我國(guó)著名的哲學(xué)家和科學(xué)家墨子的名字命名，墨子被譽(yù)為歷史上進(jìn)行光學(xué)試驗(yàn)的第一人。

開個(gè)小差，古代各位賢達(dá)的英文名你們都記得嗎?孔子(Confucius)、孟子(Mencius)、老子(Lao Tzu)、墨子(Micius)、莊子(Chuang Tzu)。

量子衛(wèi)星(quantum satellite)的真正身份仍然是通信衛(wèi)星(communications satellite)，唯一不同的是，它是一顆靠量子來傳遞信息的通信衛(wèi)星，可以向外發(fā)射量子。從500公里開外的太空向地面的實(shí)驗(yàn)站發(fā)射光量子，這是史無前例、世界首次。

量子衛(wèi)星是中國(guó)科學(xué)院空間科學(xué)先導(dǎo)專項(xiàng)首批科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)衛(wèi)星之一，

其主要科學(xué)目標(biāo)是進(jìn)行四大實(shí)驗(yàn)任務(wù)：

星地高速量子密鑰分發(fā)實(shí)驗(yàn)(experiment on high-speed quantum key distribution from space to earth)

廣域量子通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)驗(yàn)(wide-area quantum communications network experiment)

星地量子糾纏分發(fā)實(shí)驗(yàn)(experiment on distribution of quantum entanglement from space to earth)

地星量子隱形傳態(tài)實(shí)驗(yàn)(experiment on quantum teleportation from earth to space)

量子通信是迄今唯一被嚴(yán)格證明為無條件安全的通信方式。因?yàn)榱孔油ㄐ诺拿艽a不是預(yù)先設(shè)定好的，而是在傳輸過程中隨機(jī)形成的。

The satellite will create pairs of so-called entangled photons, beaming one half of each pair down to base stations in China and Austria.

衛(wèi)星會(huì)將一對(duì)對(duì)糾纏光子拆分后發(fā)射到位于中國(guó)和奧地利的基站。

This special kind of laser has several curious properties, one of which is known as "the observer effect" - its quantum state cannot be observed without changing it.

這種特殊光束有很多特質(zhì)，其中一個(gè)就是所謂的“觀測(cè)者效應(yīng)”，其量子狀態(tài)一旦發(fā)生變化就會(huì)被觀測(cè)到。

So, if the satellite were to encode an encryption key in that quantum state, any interception would be obvious. It would also change the key, making it useless.

因此，如果衛(wèi)星在量子狀態(tài)下編寫了加密密鑰，任何截取行為都會(huì)被發(fā)現(xiàn)。密鑰就會(huì)隨之發(fā)生變化，從而失效。