訓(xùn)詞和訓(xùn)令，二者有什么區(qū)別？

1月10日，中央軍委向武警部隊(duì)授旗儀式在北京八一大樓舉行。中共中央總書記、國(guó)家主席、中央軍委主席習(xí)近平向武警部隊(duì)授旗并致訓(xùn)詞。這是習(xí)近平向武警部隊(duì)授旗。新華社記者李剛攝

President Xi Jinping on Wednesday ordered the armed police force to uphold the absolute leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Xi, also general secretary of the CPC Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC), made the remarks at a ceremony by the CMC to confer a flag on the armed police force.

中共中央總書記、國(guó)家主席、中央軍委主席習(xí)近平向武警部隊(duì)授旗儀式并致訓(xùn)詞，指出武警部隊(duì)要堅(jiān)持黨的絕對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。

“授旗”用confer a flag to表示，confer多指“授予、賦予(權(quán)力、榮譽(yù)等)”，常用的搭配為confer power/honor on someone;如果表示“請(qǐng)教某人，與某人商議”則可以用confer with someone表示，比如：He wanted to confer with his colleagues before reaching a decision.(他想與他的同事先商議一下再作出決定。)

習(xí)近平在訓(xùn)詞中指出：

黨中央決定，調(diào)整武警部隊(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)指揮體制，黨中央和中央軍委對(duì)武警部隊(duì)實(shí)行集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。這是黨中央從全面落實(shí)黨對(duì)全國(guó)武裝力量的絕對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、堅(jiān)持和發(fā)展中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義軍事制度出發(fā)作出的重大政治決定，對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)黨在新時(shí)代的強(qiáng)軍目標(biāo)、推進(jìn)國(guó)家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化、實(shí)現(xiàn)黨和國(guó)家長(zhǎng)治久安具有重大而深遠(yuǎn)的意義。

The adjustment in the leading and command system of the armed police force, placing the armed police under the unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the CMC, is an important political decision the CPC Central Committee made to fully realize the absolute leadership of the Party over all armed forces and to develop a socialist military system with Chinese characteristics. The move has vital and profound effect on building a strong military for the new era and modernizing the country's system and capacity for governance.

武警部隊(duì)是黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的人民武裝力量的重要組成部分，在維護(hù)國(guó)家安全和社會(huì)穩(wěn)定、保衛(wèi)人民美好生活中肩負(fù)著重大職責(zé)，在維護(hù)政治安全特別是政權(quán)安全、制度安全中具有重要作用。

The armed police force is an important part of the people's armed forces led by the CPC and bears major responsibility in safeguarding national security and social stability, as well as protecting people's life. The armed police force plays an important role in safeguarding political security, especially the security of the political power and system.

武警部隊(duì)要加快融入全軍聯(lián)合作戰(zhàn)體系，加大改革創(chuàng)新，努力建設(shè)一支強(qiáng)大的現(xiàn)代化武裝警察部隊(duì)。

The armed police force should accelerate its integration into the joint combat system of the armed forces, enhance reform and innovation, and strive to build a strong and modern armed police force.

武警部隊(duì)要始終保持高度戒備，大抓實(shí)戰(zhàn)化軍事訓(xùn)練，扎實(shí)做好執(zhí)勤處突、反恐維穩(wěn)等各項(xiàng)工作。

The armed police force must focus on real combat training and readiness for war, remain on high alert as always, and better deal with emergencies and terrorism.

在本月初，中央軍委舉行2018年開(kāi)訓(xùn)動(dòng)員大會(huì)，習(xí)近平主席發(fā)布訓(xùn)令。

1月3日，中央軍委隆重舉行2018年開(kāi)訓(xùn)動(dòng)員大會(huì)(mobilization meeting)，中共中央總書記、國(guó)家主席、中央軍委主席習(xí)近平向全軍發(fā)布訓(xùn)令，號(hào)召全軍貫徹落實(shí)黨的十九大精神和新時(shí)代黨的強(qiáng)軍思想(to implement the spirit of the 19th CPC National Congress and the CPC's thought on building a strong army in the new era)，全面加強(qiáng)實(shí)戰(zhàn)化軍事訓(xùn)練，全面提高打贏能力。

習(xí)近平在訓(xùn)令中指出：

全軍各級(jí)要強(qiáng)化練兵備戰(zhàn)鮮明導(dǎo)向，堅(jiān)定不移把軍事訓(xùn)練擺在戰(zhàn)略位置、作為中心工作，抓住不放，抓出成效。

The army at all levels should enhance military training oriented at combat readiness and put military training at a strategic position and as the central work with effective results.

要堅(jiān)持領(lǐng)導(dǎo)帶頭、以上率下，堅(jiān)持實(shí)戰(zhàn)實(shí)訓(xùn)、聯(lián)戰(zhàn)聯(lián)訓(xùn)，堅(jiān)持按綱施訓(xùn)、從嚴(yán)治訓(xùn)。

Leading officers should take the lead and play an exemplary role, real combat training and joint combat training should be carried out according to rules in strict governance.

要端正訓(xùn)練作風(fēng)、創(chuàng)新訓(xùn)練方法、完善訓(xùn)練保障、嚴(yán)格訓(xùn)練監(jiān)察，開(kāi)展群眾性練兵比武活動(dòng)。

The armed forces should conduct training in fine work style, innovate method and improve support to training, tighten up supervision, and hold events of mass training for the soldiers.

加強(qiáng)針對(duì)性對(duì)抗性訓(xùn)練，提高軍事訓(xùn)練實(shí)戰(zhàn)化水平，牢牢掌握能打仗、打勝仗的過(guò)硬本領(lǐng)。

The armed forces should enhance targeted and adversarial training, improve military real combat ability, and firmly grasp the capability to win battles.

全軍指戰(zhàn)員要堅(jiān)決貫徹黨中央和中央軍委決策指示，發(fā)揚(yáng)一不怕苦、二不怕死的戰(zhàn)斗精神。

Commanders and personnel should firmly implement the decisions and instructions by the CPC Central Committee and the CMC with a fighting spirit of fearing neither hardship nor death.

刻苦訓(xùn)練、科學(xué)訓(xùn)練，勇于戰(zhàn)勝困難，勇于超越對(duì)手，鍛造召之即來(lái)、來(lái)之能戰(zhàn)、戰(zhàn)之必勝的精兵勁旅，堅(jiān)決完成黨和人民賦予的新時(shí)代使命任務(wù)。

The armed forces should train hard in a scientific way, be brave to overcome difficulties and surpass opponents, and create an elite and powerful force that is always ready for the fight, capable of combat and sure to win in order to fulfill the tasks bestowed by the Party and the people in the new era.

訓(xùn)詞和訓(xùn)令有什么區(qū)別?

授旗儀式致訓(xùn)詞，動(dòng)員大會(huì)發(fā)布訓(xùn)令，“訓(xùn)詞”和“訓(xùn)令”只有一字之差，兩者到底有什么區(qū)別呢?

《現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》中解釋“訓(xùn)詞”為“訓(xùn)話時(shí)所說(shuō)的話”，多指軍隊(duì)統(tǒng)帥對(duì)下級(jí)的重要指示和告誡(instructions and admonition)。“訓(xùn)詞”之“訓(xùn)”是“教導(dǎo)、訓(xùn)誡”之意。

國(guó)防大學(xué)軍隊(duì)政治工作教研室副主任公方彬認(rèn)為，“訓(xùn)詞”的本質(zhì)是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人代表黨和人民對(duì)軍隊(duì)產(chǎn)生思想引領(lǐng)(guide the army on behalf of the Party and the people)，設(shè)立價(jià)值坐標(biāo)和行為規(guī)范(code of conduct)。

《現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》中對(duì)“訓(xùn)令”的解釋為“機(jī)關(guān)曉諭下屬或委派人員時(shí)所用的公文”。軍事科學(xué)院專家認(rèn)為，發(fā)布訓(xùn)令(issuing an order)多用于軍令系統(tǒng)，作戰(zhàn)指揮色彩濃厚，通常是上級(jí)首長(zhǎng)或機(jī)關(guān)下達(dá)的必須執(zhí)行的命令，針對(duì)的是非常重要的事。