人口老齡化如何應(yīng)對(duì)？國(guó)家規(guī)劃來了

近日，中共中央、國(guó)務(wù)院印發(fā)了《國(guó)家積極應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化中長(zhǎng)期規(guī)劃》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱《規(guī)劃》)。《規(guī)劃》近期至2022年，中期至2035年，遠(yuǎn)期展望至2050年，是到本世紀(jì)中葉我國(guó)積極應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化的戰(zhàn)略性、綜合性、指導(dǎo)性文件。

湖北省襄陽(yáng)市一所老年大學(xué)的學(xué)員在學(xué)習(xí)舞蹈(圖片來源：視覺中國(guó))

The plan requires establishing the basic institutional framework for tackling population aging by 2022. By the middle of the century, a mature institutional arrangement that meets the needs of a great modern socialist country should be put into place.

《規(guī)劃》明確，到2022年，我國(guó)積極應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化的制度框架初步建立;到本世紀(jì)中葉，與社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國(guó)相適應(yīng)的應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化制度安排成熟完備。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

人口老齡化(population aging)是世界各國(guó)都在面臨的一個(gè)社會(huì)現(xiàn)象。聯(lián)合國(guó)《2019世界人口展望》的數(shù)據(jù)顯示：

By 2050, one in six people in the world will be over age 65 (16%), up from one in 11 in 2019 (9%). By 2050, one in four persons living in Europe and Northern America could be aged 65 or over.

到2050年，65歲以上人口占全世界總?cè)丝诘谋壤龑⒂?019年的9%上升到16%，歐美地區(qū)65歲以上人口將占該地區(qū)總?cè)丝诘乃姆种弧?/p>

In 2018, for the first time in history, persons aged 65 or above outnumbered children under five years of age globally. The number of persons aged 80 years or over is projected to triple, from 143 million in 2019 to 426 million in 2050.

2018年，全世界65歲以上人口的總數(shù)首次超過5歲以下人口總數(shù)。預(yù)計(jì)到2050年，80歲以上人口總數(shù)將是2019年的三倍，由1.43億增加至4.26億。

《規(guī)劃》從5個(gè)方面部署了應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化的具體工作任務(wù)。

一是夯實(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化的社會(huì)財(cái)富儲(chǔ)備。

It calls for improving the national income distribution system, steadily increasing the pension reserves and establish a fairer and more sustainable social security system.

通過完善國(guó)民收入分配體系，穩(wěn)步增加養(yǎng)老財(cái)富儲(chǔ)備，健全更加公平更可持續(xù)的社會(huì)保障制度。

二是改善人口老齡化背景下的勞動(dòng)力有效供給。

This requires improving the quality of new members of the labor force, establishing a lifelong learning system for senior citizens, and striving to achieve fuller employment and create better quality jobs.

通過提升新增勞動(dòng)力質(zhì)量、構(gòu)建老有所學(xué)的終身學(xué)習(xí)體系，實(shí)現(xiàn)更高質(zhì)量和更加充分就業(yè)。

三是打造高質(zhì)量的為老服務(wù)和產(chǎn)品供給體系。

A high-quality health service system including health education, disease prevention and treatment, rehabilitation nursing, long-term nursing and hospice care should be established, according to the plan.

建立和完善包括健康教育、預(yù)防保健、疾病診治、康復(fù)護(hù)理、長(zhǎng)期照護(hù)、安寧療護(hù)的高質(zhì)量老年健康服務(wù)體系。

四是強(qiáng)化應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化的科技創(chuàng)新能力。

The plan also values the application of technology in responding to population aging including strengthening the development of assistive technologies for senior citizens.

加大老年健康科技支撐力度，加強(qiáng)老年輔助技術(shù)研發(fā)和應(yīng)用。

五是構(gòu)建養(yǎng)老、孝老、敬老的社會(huì)環(huán)境。

It also calls for fostering a social environment in which senior citizens are respected, cared for, and live happily in their later years. The legal system will be improved to protect the lawful rights and interests of senior citizens.

建設(shè)養(yǎng)老、敬老、讓老人安度晚年的社會(huì)環(huán)境，強(qiáng)化應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化的法治環(huán)境，保障老年人合法權(quán)益。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

人口老齡化 population aging

高齡津貼 old age allowance

社區(qū)養(yǎng)老服務(wù) community-based elderly care

老有所養(yǎng) care for the elderly