外事接待英語(yǔ) Chapter 1

[00:00.00]Chapter 1 The sounds of English [00:02.27]In this unit you will learn to recognize and pronounce English final consonants and consonant clusters , [00:10.28]learn to recognize and pronounce full and educed English vowels , [00:16.16]learn to recognize and pronounce stressed and unstressed syllables and words in Englis [00:24.23]Part 1 [00:25.80]Pre-listening Exercise [00:29.01]The English language uses 20 different vowel sounds ,and 24 different consonant sounds [00:36.77]A lot of the sounds are similar to the sounds in Chinese [00:41.71]A few English sounds,like final consonants,are difficult for Chinese speakers . [00:49.00]Chinese words usually end either in-n,-ng,or a vowel.English words,however,can end with many different consonants . [01:00.60]In fact ,many words end in a consonant cluster (two or more consonants [01:07.08]For example,look at the ending of consonants.It ends with a combination of the sounds /n/,/t/,and /s/. [01:16.58]English final consonants are very important for two reasons . [01:21.47]One reason is that English words with different meanings often begin with the same sounds. [01:29.23]For example,the only sound difference between "you "and "use "is the final sound: [01:36.23]"use "ends in the consonant sound /z/.The only sound difference between "word "and "work"is the final consonant:/d/or /k [01:47.75]Only the final consonant sound tells your listener which word you mean . [01:53.52]Another reason is that final consonants often show whether a noun is singular or plura [01:59.95]or whether a verb is in the past or present tense ,for example "noun"(singular)or "nouns"(plural [02:09.09]"show"(present tense )or "showed "(past tense). [02:14.52]If you don't recognize final consonants when you hear them,you may not be able to understand English speakers [02:22.88]If you don't pronounce final consonants clearly ,English speakers may not be able to understand you . [02:31.08]Listening Exercise [02:33.75]Exercise Three (b [02:37.25]1.you us [02:39.71]2.lie lik [02:42.06]3.know not [02:44.54]4.go goa [02:46.92]5.play plagu [02:49.61]6.so soa [02:52.24]7.ray rac [02:54.83]8.paw paus [02:57.55]9.sigh sid [03:00.24]10.two toot [03:01.61]Exercises 3(d) [03:04.80]1.blue bloo [03:07.10]2.bay bath [03:09.27]3.row rob [03:11.85]4.lie lif [03:13.94]5.char charg [03:16.14]6.key kee [03:18.39]7.mar mars [03:20.61]8.car carv [03:22.72]9.pea peac [03:25.02]10.we whee [03:25.85]Pronunciation Exercise [03:28.54]Exercises 4 [03:30.79]1.rat [03:33.24]2.sho [03:35.67]3.chequ [03:37.87]4.car [03:40.48]5.pric [03:42.85]6.traffi [03:45.55]7.loca [03:48.16]8.credi [03:50.61]9.languag [03:53.25]10.surcharg [03:56.23]11.hote [03:58.68]12.foreig [04:01.45]13.subu [04:04.35]14.jacke [04:06.97]Exercises 5(b) [04:10.02]1.drin [04:12.22]2.dam [04:14.31]3.bes [04:16.45]4.coat [04:18.88]5.rule [04:21.12]6.worl [04:23.58]7.make [04:25.88]8.bronz [04:28.33]9.coun [04:30.82]10.kep [04:33.14]11.card [04:35.78]12.tent [04:38.29]13.twelft [04:40.56]14.clothe [04:43.17]15.live [04:45.94]16.tomb [04:48.60]Exercises 6(b) [04:51.56]1.painting [04:54.25]2.differen [04:56.89]3.mountain [04:59.81]4.provinc [05:02.84]5.interes [05:05.79]6.instanc [05:08.28]7.aroun [05:10.94]8.projec [05:13.45]Part [05:15.09]Pre-listening Exercises [05:17.81]English has more than one sound for each of the written vowels a,e,i,o,and [05:25.33]Sometimes the sounds change because of spelling rules,but the most common sound change occurs when one syllable is emphasized [05:36.46]or stressed ,more than the others .In words of more than one syllable ,one syllable is always stresse [05:45.00]In long words,more than one syllable may be stressed [05:49.76]Stressed syllables always have a nomal ,full vowel sound ,like the first syllable of "emphasized [05:58.01]The unstressed vowels in the other syllables are often reduced ,that is ,spoken very quickly and quietly ,like the -a-in"emphasized". [06:09.27]Have you ever been unalbe to recognize an English word when you first hear it ,even though you know the word very well when you see it in print? [06:18.52]That's probably because the word contains one or more reduced vowel [06:24.47]Reduced vowels are spoken quickly and quietly ,so they lose their distinctive pronunciation . [06:32.81]There are really only two reduced vowel sounds in English [06:37.20]One sound is the reduced/i/.You can hear it in a word like "im/tate [06:43.73]The other sound is more common .It's usually represented by the sound symbol/2 [06:49.94]It's used for the reduced vowels/a/,/e/,/o/and /u/.It sounds something like the pronunciation of the -0-in "pronunciation [07:00.92]the -a-in the word "syllable "or the -e-in "vowel"-in other words,it's hardly pronounced at al [07:09.77]The vowels,a,e,o,and u are written with different letters of the alphabet ,but they sound almost the same when reduced . [07:18.81]It's more important to be able to hear reduced vowels than to be able to pronounce the [07:24.66](English speakers will understand you even if you don't use reduced vowels [07:29.75]If you don't recognize reduced vowels when you hear them,you may have problems understanding what an English speaker is saying [07:37.72]It's important to practise noticing reduced vowels as you read and listen to the texts in this book . [07:44.93]Listening Exercise [07:47.28]Exercises 2(a) [07:50.05]1.agree [07:54.78]2.visi [07:58.65]3.garde [08:02.98]4.meta [08:06.33]5.roya [08:10.24]6.Chin [08:13.43]7.weathe [08:17.01]8.belie [08:20.67]9.civi [08:24.19]10.depen [08:27.98]11.defea [08:31.66]12.betwee [08:34.84]Exercises 2(b) [08:37.77]1.alcohol [08:42.18]2.consultan [08:46.21]3.centur [08:50.54]4.musue [08:54.57]5.opiu [08:58.69]6.perio [09:02.46]7.histor [09:06.32]8.secon [09:10.00]9.contro [09:13.64]10.minut [09:17.06]11.carefu [09:20.56]12.natur [09:23.22]Exercises 2(c) [09:26.43]1.comfortabl [09:30.16]2.porcelai [09:34.00]3.vegetabl [09:38.24]4.dynast [09:42.13]5.origina [09:45.26]6.defeate [09:48.92]7.Confuciu [09:52.68]8.importan [09:56.68]9.differen [10:00.44]10.officia [10:03.86]11.palatia [10:07.52]12.sedimen [10:09.94]Pronunciation Exercise [10:12.84]Exercises 3(b) [10:16.08]1.agre [10:18.41]2.visi [10:20.70]3.garde [10:22.95]4.meta [10:25.35]5.roy [10:27.91]6.Chin [10:30.63]7.weathe [10:33.50]8.belie [10:35.83]9.civi [10:38.21]10.depen [10:40.87]11.defea [10:43.51]12.betwee [10:45.99]Exercises 4(b) [10:48.76]1.alcoho [10:51.06]2.consultan [10:53.85]3.centur [10:56.39]4.musue [10:58.50]5.opiu [11:00.88]6.perio [11:03.13]7.histor [11:05.40]8.secon [11:07.54]9.contro [11:09.89]10.minut [11:12.19]11.carefu [11:14.72]12.natur [11:17.05]Exercises 5(b) [11:20.24]1.comfortabl [11:23.03]2.porcelai [11:25.51]3.vegetabl [11:28.10]4.dynast [11:30.84]5.origina [11:33.35]6.defeate [11:36.17]7.Confuciu [11:39.36]8.importan [11:41.71]9.differen [11:44.35]10.officia [11:46.96]11.palatia [11:49.78]12.sedimen [11:52.42]Part [11:54.25]Pre-listening Exercis [11:57.12]Exercises 1(b) [12:00.13]In English,some syllables and words are spoken more loudly and clearly than others. [12:06.58]This difference in emphasis gives spoken English its characteristic rhythm and melod [12:13.42]For example,many English words contain serveral syllables with full vowel sounds . [12:19.77]One vowel is always emphasized,or stressed ,more than the others ,for example ,"contain ","emphasized ","example [12:29.64]Did you notice in these examples that the stressed vowel can be in different positions in the word [12:36.36]When you first meet a new word in the units that follow ,the vowel to be emphasized will alawys be in holdface type . [12:44.38]Some words with the same spelling change to a different part of speech when different syllables are emphasized [12:51.20]The meeting can also change .For example ,the adjective "present",meaning "here and now [12:58.74]changes to be verb"present",meaning "give",if the stress on the syllable changes [13:05.82]Stressing the wrong vowel in this type of word may confuse your liteners . [13:11.57]English also uses stress to indicate the important words in phrases ,clauses and sentences [13:20.16]A stressed word is spoken more clearly than an unstressed word .Emphasizing important words makes the listener pay attention to these words . [13:30.85]Stressed words are usually nouns ,verbs ,adverbs and other words that contain a lot of information [13:39.03]Words such as "the ","an","to",or"from ",are normally not stressed. [13:46.24]When you speak,stress only the important words [13:50.15]Listeners find it hard to know exactly what you mean if you emphasize unimportant words [13:57.05]When you listen ,pay attention to the stressed words to improve your listening comprehension . [14:03.71]Listening Exercise [14:06.35]Exercises 2(a) [14:09.09]1.gian [14:12.75]2.adjus [14:16.20]3.happ [14:19.46]4.depen [14:22.96]5.expert [14:26.86]6.regio [14:30.33]7.peopl [14:33.70]8.percen [14:37.04]9.aroun [14:40.31]10.eatin [14:44.17]11.improv [14:47.78]12.avoi [14:49.91]Exercises 2(b) [14:52.81]1.transportatio [14:56.97]2.populatio [15:01.12]3.remembe [15:05.14]4.brillian [15:08.85]5.beautifu [15:12.35]6.museu [15:15.80]7.defeate [15:19.43]8.characte [15:22.85]9.differen [15:26.59]10.ceremon [15:30.30]11.economicall [15:34.27]12.everyon [15:36.46]Exercises 3(a) [15:39.78]1.at the airpor [15:44.37]2.subway trai [15:49.07]3.bus servic [15:53.72]4.to the marke [15:57.85]5.historic building [16:02.63]6.railway lin [16:07.26]7.on the rive [16:11.20]8.to the coas [16:15.64]9.transportation syste [16:21.23]10.central Chin [16:25.93]11.moon cake [16:29.75]12.black in [16:32.74]Exercises 3(b) [16:36.30]1.vegetables ,meat or other ingredient [16:46.01]2.a famous Chinese dis [16:52.34]3.mountain and wate [16:58.27]4.nature and the human spiri [17:04.93]5.colours found in natur [17:10.83]6.about twelve millio [17:16.29]7.a great place to sho [17:21.49]8.where the embassies ar [17:26.92]9.the longest river in Asi [17:33.37]10.pround of their succes [17:39.77]11.tour boats for foreigner [17:46.28]12.a very long histor

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