新概念第四冊(cè)課文精講 Lesson17:人為的疾病

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課文17 人為的疾病

237. In the early days of the settlement of Australia, enterprising settlers unwisely introduced the European rabbit.

在澳大利亞移民初期，一些有創(chuàng)業(yè)精神的移民不明智地把歐洲兔子引進(jìn)了澳大利亞。

238. This rabbit had no natural enemies in the Antipodes, so that it multiplied with that promiscuous abandon characteristic of rabbits.

這種兔子在澳大利亞及新西蘭沒(méi)有天敵，因此便以兔子所特有的雜亂交配迅猛繁殖起來(lái)。

239. It overran a whole continent.

整個(gè)澳洲兔子成災(zāi)。

240. It caused devastation by burrowing and by devouring the herbage which might have maintained millions of sheep and cattle.

它們?cè)诘叵麓蚨?，吃掉本可以飼養(yǎng)數(shù)百萬(wàn)頭牛羊的牧草，給澳洲大陸造成了毀滅性的破壞。

241. Scientists discovered that this particular variety of rabbit (and apparently no other animal) was susceptible to a fatal virus disease, myxomatosis.

科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種特殊品種的兔子(顯然不包括別的動(dòng)物)易患一種叫“多發(fā)性粘液瘤”的致命毒性疾病。

242. By infecting animals and letting them loose in the burrows, local epidemics of this disease could be created.

通過(guò)讓染上此病的動(dòng)物在洞內(nèi)亂跑，就可以使這種疾病在一個(gè)地區(qū)蔓延起來(lái)。

243. Later it was found that there was a type of mosquito which acted as the carrier of this disease and passed it on to the rabbits.

后來(lái)又發(fā)現(xiàn)，有一種蚊子是傳播這種疾病的媒介，能把此病傳染給兔子。

244. So while the rest of the world was trying to get rid of mosquitoes, Australia was encouraging this one.

因此，世界上其他地方在設(shè)法消滅蚊子的時(shí)候，澳大利亞卻在促使這種蚊子大量繁殖。

245. It effectively spread the disease all over the continent and drastically reduced the rabbit population.

蚊子把這種疾病擴(kuò)散到整個(gè)澳洲大陸，效果甚佳，結(jié)果兔子的數(shù)目在為減少。

246. It later became apparent that rabbits were developing a degree of resistance to this disease, so that the rabbit population was unlikely to be completely exterminated.

后來(lái)，明顯看出，兔子對(duì)這種疾病已產(chǎn)生了一定程度的免疫力，所以兔子不可能被完全消滅。

247. There were hopes, however, that the problem of the rabbit would become manageable.

但是，已有希望解決兔子所帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題。

248. Ironically, Europe, which had bequeathed the rabbit as a pest to Australia, acquired this man-made disease as a pestilence.

具有諷刺意味的是，歐洲把這種兔子作為有害動(dòng)物傳給澳洲，而歐洲自己卻染上了這種人為的瘟疫般的疾病。

249. A French physician decided to get rid of the wild rabbits on his own estate and introduced myxomatosis.

一位法國(guó)內(nèi)科醫(yī)生決定除掉自己莊園內(nèi)的野兔子，于是引進(jìn)了這種多發(fā)性粘液瘤疾病。

250. It did not, however, remain within the confines of his estate.

然而，這種疾病并未被局限在他的莊園內(nèi)，

251. It spread through France,

結(jié)果在整個(gè)法國(guó)蔓延開(kāi)來(lái)。

252. Where wild rabbits are not generally regarded as a pest but as sport and a useful food supply,

野兔在法國(guó)一般不被當(dāng)作有害動(dòng)物，而被視為打獵取樂(lè)的玩物和有用的食物來(lái)源。

253. and it spread to Britain where wild rabbits are regarded as a pest but where domesticated rabbits, equally susceptible to the disease, are the basis of a profitable fur industry.

這種疾病又蔓延到了英國(guó)。在英國(guó)，野兔被當(dāng)作有害的動(dòng)物，可是家兔是賺錢的毛皮工業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)，然而家兔同樣易感染這種疾病。

254. The question became one of whether Man could control the disease he had invented.

現(xiàn)在的問(wèn)題是，人類能否控制住這種人為的疾病。