大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第四冊(cè) 3

[00:00.00] Is America going to decline like other great nations have before?The author thinks not,arguing that. [00:09.80]The type of society being created in America is quite unlike any that has gone before it. [00:17.11]Read what he has to say and see whether you agree. [00:22.07]AMERICA AS A COLLAGE by Ryzsard Kapuscinski [00:27.69]The mere fact that America still attracts millions of people is evidence that it is not in decline. [00:35.32]People aren't attracted to a pace of decline.Signs of decline are sure to be found in a place as comples as America [00:44.75]debt,crime,the homeless,drugs,dropouts.But the main characteristic of America,the first and mostenduring impression, [00:55.95]is dynamism,energy,aggressivenness,forward movement. [01:01.91]It is so hard to think of this nation in decline when you know [01:07.29]that there are vast regions of the planet which are absolutely paralyzed,incapable of any improvement at all. [01:16.07]It is difficult for me to agree with Paul Kennedy's thesis in The Rise and Fall of Great Powers [01:24.19]thatAmerica must inevitably follow historical precedent.That'sthe way history used to be-all powerful nations declined [01:35.19]and gave eay to other empires.But maybe there is another way to look at what is happening, [01:42.61]I have a sense that what is going on here comcerns much more than the fate of a nation. [01:49.66]It may be that the Euro-centered American nationis declining as itgives way to a new Pacific civilization [01:59.09]that will include,but not be limited to,America.Historically speaking,America may not decline, [02:09.10]but instead fuse with the Pacific culture to create a kind of vast Pacific collage, [02:16.78]a mix of Hispanic and Asian cultures linked through the most modern communication technologies. [02:25.11]Thraditional history has been a history of nations.But here,for the first time since the RomanEmpire, [02:33.78]there is the possibility of creating the history of a civilization.Now is the first chance on a new basis [02:42.87]with new technologies to create a civilization of unprecedented openness and pluralismA civilization of the polycentric mind. [02:53.53]A civilization that leaves behind forever the ethnocentric,tribal mentality.The mentality of destruction [03:04.19]Los Angeles is a premonition of this new civilization. [03:08.89]Linked more to the Third Would and Asia than to the Europe of America's racial and cultural roots, [03:16.86]Los Angeles and southern California will enter the twenty-first century as a multiracial and multicultural society [03:26.18]This is absolutely new.There is no previous example of a civilization that is being simulatneously created by so many races [03:36.24]nationalities,and cultures.This new type of cultural pluralism is completely unkown in the history of mankind. [03:45.93]America is becoming more plural every day because of the unbelievable facility of the new Third World [03:54.40]immigrants to put a piece of their original culture inside of American culture. [04:00.88]The notion of a "dominant"American culture is changing every monment.It is incredible [04:07.98]coming to America to find you are somewhere else-in Seoul, in Taipei,in Mexico City. [04:15.63]You can travel inside this Korean culture right on the streets of Los Angeles. [04:21.98]Inhabitants of this vast city become internal tourists in the place of their own residence. [04:29.19]There are large communities of Laotians,Vietnamese,Cambodians,Mexicans,Salvadorans,Guatemalans,I ranians,Japanese,Koreans [04:40.97]Armenians,Chines.We find here Little Taipei,Little Saigon,Little Tokyo,Koreatown,Little Central America [04:52.75]the Iranian neighborhod in Weswood,theArmenian cimmunity in Hollywood,and the vast Mexican-American areas of East Los Angeles [05:03.88]Eighty-one languages,few of them European,are spoken in the elementary school system of the city of Los Angeles. [05:12.42]This transformation of American culture anticipates the general trend in the composition of mandind. [05:20.37]Ninety percent of the immigrants to this city are from the Third World.At the beginning of the twenty-first century [05:29.33]90percent of the world's population will be dark-skinned; [05:34.42]the white race will be no more than 11percent of all human beings living on our planet. [05:40.98]Something that can only be seen in America:In the landscaped, [05:46.46]ultraclean high-technology parks of northern Orange County there is a personal computer company [05:54.35]that seven years ago did not exist.There were only strawberry fields wheere the plantis. [06:02.03]Now,there is a $500million company with factories in Hong Kong and Taiwan as well. [06:09.79]The company was founded by three young immigrants -a Pakistani Muslim and two Chinese from Hong Kong [06:18.20]They only became citizens in1984.Each individual is now probably worth $30 million [06:26.30]Walking through this company we see only young,dark faces-Vietnamese,Cambodians,Laotians,Mexicans [06:36.02]-and the most advanced technology.The culture of the work force [06:42.21]is a mix of Hispanic-Catholic family values and Asian-Confucian group loyalty.Employment notices are never posted [06:53.62]hiring is done through the network of families that live in southern California.Not infrequently, [07:01.41]employees ask to work an extra twenty hours a week to earn enough money [07:07.28]to help members of their extended family buy their first home. [07:12.38]In LosAngeles,traditional Third World cultures are, for the first time,fusing with the most modern mentalities and technologies [07:22.20]Usually,the contact between developed and underdeveloped worlds has the character of exploitation [07:29.85]-just takingpeople's labor and resources and giving them nothing.And the border between races [07:38.08]has usually been a border of tension,of crists.Here we see a revolution that is constructive. [07:46.76]This Pacific Rim civilization being created is a new reolationship between development and underdevelopment [07:54.96]Here,there is openness.There is hope.And a future.There is a multicultural crowd. [08:03.03]But it is not fighting.It is cooperating,peacefully competing,building. [08:10.14]For the first time in four hundred years of relations between the nonwhite Western world [08:16.69]and white Westernworld,the general character of the relationship is cooperationand construction,notexploitation not destruction [08:27.17]Unlike any other place on the planet,Los Angeles shows us the potential of development once the Third World mentality [08:36.49]merges with an open sense of possibility,a culture of organization,a Western conception of time. [08:45.04]For the destructive,paralyzed world where I have spent most of my life,it is importants,simply, [08:52.87]that such a possibilty as Los Angeles exists. [08:57.36]To adjust the concept of time is the most difficult thing.It is a key revolution of development. [09:05.65]Western culture is a culture of arithmetical time.Time is organized by the clock.In non-Western culture [09:16.07]time is a measure between events.We arrange a meeting at nine o'clock but the man doesn't show up [09:23.83]We become anxious,offended.He doesn't unerstand our anxiety because for him, [09:31.27]the moment he arrives is the measure of time.He is on time when he arrives. [09:37.91]In 1924,the Mexican philosopher Jose Vasconcelos wrote a book dreaming of the possibility that, [09:48.02]in the future,all races on the planet would merge into one type of man. [09:54.52]This type of man is being borne in Los Angeles,in the culturalsense if not the anthropological sense [10:03.06]A vast mosaic of different races,cutures,religions,and moral habits are working toward one common aim. [10:11.32]From the perspective of a world submerged in religious,ethnic,and racial conflict, [10:18.45]this harmonious cooperation is something unbelieveable.It istruly striking. [10:25.48]What is the common aim tht harmonizes competing cultures in one place? [10:31.35]It is not only the better living standardWhat attracts immigrants toAmerica is the essential characteristic ofAmerican culture [10:41.62]the chance to try.There is a combination of two things that are important:culture and space. [10:50.61]The culture allows you to try to be somebody-to find yourself,your place,yourstatus. [10:58.36]And there is space not only in a geographical sense,but in the sense of opportunity,of social mobility [11:06.62]In societies that are in crisis and in societies which are stagnant-or even in those [11:13.91]which are stable-there is no chance to try.You are defined in advance.Destiny has already sentenced you. [11:23.34]This is what unites the diverse races and cultures in America.If the immigrant to America at first fails, [11:31.28]he always thinks, "I will try again."If he had failed in the old society, [11:38.72]he would be discouraged and pessimistec,accepting the place that was given to him.In America,he's thinking [11:47.50]I will have another chance,I will try again."That keeps him going.He's full of hope. [11:55.65]multicultural author collage in decline/on the decline [12:01.53]多種文化的 作家 大雜燴 衰落中 [12:07.41]debt dropout characteristic dynamism [12:11.45]欠款 中途退學(xué)者 特點(diǎn) 活力 [12:15.50]aggressiveness paralyze thesis historical [12:20.34]積極進(jìn)取 使失去 論題 以歷史觀點(diǎn) [12:25.17]precedent have a/the sense that Euro-centered Hispanic [12:30.08]先例 感到 以歐州為中心的 西班牙文化的 [12:34.99]for the first time unprecedented openness pluralism [12:40.62]第一次 空前的 開(kāi)放 多元文化 [12:46.25]polycentric leave behind ethnocentric tribal [12:51.34]多中心的 留下 種族中心主義的 部落的 [12:56.44]mentality premonition multiracial plural [13:01.56]思想方法 預(yù)感 多民族的 多元的 [13:06.68]immigrant Korean Laotian Vietnamese [13:11.43]移民 朝鮮的 老撾人 越南人 [13:16.19]Cambodian Mexican Salvadoran Guatemalan [13:20.95]柬埔寨 西班牙語(yǔ) 薩爾瓦多的 危地馬拉人 [13:25.72]Iranian Mexican-American dark-skinned landscape [13:31.26]伊朗人 墨西哥裔美國(guó)人 深色皮膚的 對(duì)（士地）作景觀美化 [13:36.80]high-technology Pakistani Muslim Catholic [13:41.58]高科技的 巴基斯坦的 穆斯林的 天主教的 [13:46.36]Asian-Confucian network underdeveloped exploitation [13:51.35]亞洲儒教的 網(wǎng)絡(luò) 不發(fā)達(dá)的 [13:56.34]constructive underdevelopment nonwhite cooperation [14:01.10]建設(shè)性的 不發(fā)達(dá) 非白種人 合作 [14:05.87]conception destructive arithmetical non-Western [14:10.12]觀念 破壞的 算術(shù)的 非西方的 [14:14.36]show up offend philosopher in the...sense [14:19.99]出現(xiàn) 得罪 哲學(xué)家 在…意義上 [14:25.62]anthropological mosaic religion submerge [14:30.45]人類學(xué)的 鑲嵌畫(huà) 宗教 淹沒(méi) [14:35.28]from the perspective of ethnic harmonious harmonize [14:40.48]從…的觀點(diǎn)看 人種的 和諧的 使和諧 [14:45.68]essential combination geographical mobility [14:50.29]基本的 地理的 靜止的 流動(dòng)性 [14:57.95]靜止的 命運(yùn) 使沮喪

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