歷年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解1995年04

[00:03.78]1995 Passage4 [00:07.40]Personality is to a large extent inherent [00:11.84]--A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. [00:16.78]But the environment must also have a profound effect, [00:20.81]since if competition is important to the parents, [00:24.14]it is likely to become a major factor [00:26.93]in the lives of their children. [00:29.67]One place where children soak up [00:31.55]A characteristics is school, [00:34.08]which is, by its very nature, [00:36.20]a highly competitive institution. [00:39.28]Too many schools [00:40.49]adopt the "win at all costs" moral standard [00:43.81]and measure their success by sporting achievements. [00:47.75]The current passion for making children compete [00:50.58]against their classmates or against the clock [00:53.82]produces a two-layer system, [00:56.15]in which competitive A-types seem in some way [00:59.78]better than their B-type fellows. [01:03.21]Being too keen to win [01:04.90]can have dangerous consequences: [01:07.91]remember that Pheidippides, [01:09.69]the first marathon runner, [01:11.51]dropped dead seconds after saying: [01:14.14]"Rejoice, we conquer!" [01:16.97]By far the worst form of competition in schools [01:20.79]is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. [01:24.83]It is a rare school [01:25.89]that allows pupils to concentrate [01:28.34]on those things they do well. [01:30.86]The merits of competition by examination [01:33.89]are somewhat questionable, [01:36.00]but competition in the certain knowledge of failure [01:39.23]is positively harmful. [01:42.56]Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable [01:46.18]that all A youngsters change into B's. [01:50.12]The world needs types, [01:52.03]and schools have an important duty to try to fit [01:55.47]a child's personality to his possible future employment. [01:59.52]It is top management. [02:02.35]If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, [02:06.60]more time might be spent teaching children surer values. [02:11.23]Perhaps selection for the caring professions, [02:14.12]especially medicine, could be made less [02:17.01]by good grades in chemistry and more [02:20.04]by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. [02:24.37]It is surely a mistake to choose [02:26.49]our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. [02:30.51]B's are important and should be encouraged.

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