歷年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解2001年03

[00:03.75]2001 Passage3 [00:07.47]Why do so many Americans distrust [00:10.22]what they read in their newspapers? [00:12.44]The American Society of Newspaper Editors [00:15.26]is trying to answer this painful question. [00:18.29]The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known [00:22.61]as the journalism credibility project. [00:26.55]Sad to say, this project has turned out to be [00:29.92]mostly low-level findings about factual errors [00:33.66]and spelling and grammar mistakes, [00:36.07]combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about [00:39.39]what in the world those readers really want. [00:42.72]But the sources of distrust go way deeper. [00:46.65]Most journalists learn to see the world [00:49.17]through a set of standard templates (patterns) into [00:52.81]which they plug each day's events. [00:56.43]In other words, there is a conventional story line [00:59.56]in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone [01:02.68]and a ready-made narrative structure [01:05.11]for otherwise confusing news. [01:08.74]There exists a social and cultural disconnect [01:12.06]between journalists and their readers, [01:14.48]which helps explain why the "standard templates" [01:17.42]of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. [01:21.45]In a recent survey, [01:23.17]questionnaires were sent to reporters [01:25.09]in five middle-size cities around the country, [01:28.93]plus one large metropolitan area. [01:32.55]Then residents in these communities [01:34.87]were phoned at random and asked the same questions. [01:39.21]Replies show that compared with other Americans, [01:42.73]journalists are more likely to live in [01:44.95]upscale neighborhoods, [01:46.97]have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, [01:50.50]and they're less likely to go to church, [01:53.12]do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community. [01:57.85]Reporters tend to be part of a broadly [02:00.51]defined social and cultural elite, [02:03.26]so their work tends to reflect [02:04.97]the conventional values of this elite. [02:07.90]The astonishing distrust of the news media [02:10.52]isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills [02:15.06]but in the daily clash of world views [02:17.37]between reporters and their readers. [02:20.70]This is an explosive situation for any industry, [02:24.33]particularly a declining one. [02:26.95]Here is a troubled business [02:28.32]that keeps hiring employees [02:30.75]whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. [02:34.60]Then it sponsors lots of symposiums [02:37.54]and a credibility project [02:39.26]dedicated to wondering why customers [02:41.80]are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. [02:45.53]But it never seems to get around to noticing [02:47.84]the cultural and class biases [02:50.67]that so many former buyers are complaining about. [02:54.71]If it did, it would open up its diversity program, [02:58.34]now focused narrowly on race and gender, [03:01.46]and look for reporters who differ broadly [03:03.99]by outlook, values, education, and class.

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