VOA慢速英語:學習一門語言比較好的方法是什么?
From VOA Learning English this is As It Is. I’m Anna Matteo in Washington.
Today on, As It Is, we will hear about something our listeners do every daythey hear, read or watch VOA Learning English -- learning a secondlanguage.
We will hear whether being surrounded by a foreign language, or immersed in it, is the best way to learn a language. Or are traditional lectures withgrammar rules and vocabulary lists the best way to learn to speak like a nativespeaker.
Steve Ember has more on that topic.
What is the best way to learn a new language? A small study of foreignlanguage learning in adults compared two methods. One is known as theexplicit or classroom method. This is the kind of traditional classroomteaching where students are taught a lot of information about grammar rules.
The other method is known as the implicit or immersion method. The ideahere is to learn much the way children do when they learn a native language. That is, by being with native speakers and absorbing the language thatsurrounds them, generally without a lot of explanation. Teachers may combinethese two methods into what Professor Michael Ullman calls immersion-styleclassroom teaching. But is that necessarily a better way to learn a language?
Mr. Ullman was the senior investigator for the new study. He is a professor ofneuroscience at Georgetown University Medical Center in Washington. Hesays he was surprised to find that combining the two methods might not helpthe brain in processing the new language.
MICHAEL ULLMAN: "You know, if my life were on the line, and I had to learn alanguage, what would I do? I'm not sure. One possibility would be that, to startwith explicit and then go to immersion, right? Start with classroom and then go to immersion. But there is this possibility that classroom could hurt laterimmersion. That's what, you know, one possibility of interpreting our data."
The twenty-one adults in the experiment learned Brocanto2, a thirteen-wordlanguage created for the study. The words and grammar rules relate to acomputer game similar to chess that the learners played. For example, "Blomneimo lu neep li praz" means "The square blom-piece switches with the neep-piece."
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U.S. first lady Michelle Obama learns some Chinese from pre-school students at the Washington Yu Ying Public Charter School in Washington. ( March 2014) |
The researchers tested the people three to six months after they had learned the language, to see how well they could remember it. The study found thatthose who had learned it with the immersion method had brain waves similarto those of native speakers of a language when speaking that language.
Professor Ullman says those who trained with the classroom method alsobecame more native-like in their brain processing. But only the immersiongroup showed full native-like processing of the grammar. Still, he saysteachers should be careful how they use the results of his study.
MICHAEL ULLMAN: "You know I would not make any curriculum changesbased on this. Nevertheless, it is suggestive, and I think it warrants furtherresearch to see whether in fact what kind of training might in fact be best notjust for reaching the native brain bases but also for, you know, maximumproficiency in different aspects of language, like grammar, you know, syntaxand lexicon. So I think further research is warranted. And it may be, forexample, that a combination of classroom and immersion might be best. But we don't know that."
I'm Steve Ember.
And I’m Anna Matteo.
So which way of learning a language is working best for you? Do you thinkimmersion is the best way to learn a language? Or do you believe thetraditional lecture model is good enough? Let us know in our commentsection!
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