歷年考研英語翻譯2003年
[00:03.49]2003
[00:06.71]Human beings in all times and places
[00:09.33]think about their world and wonder at their place in it.
[00:13.07]Humans are thoughtful and creative,
[00:15.40]possessed of insatiable curiosity.
[00:18.29](1)
[00:20.81]the environment in which they live,
[00:23.13]thus subjecting all other life forms
[00:25.14]to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.>
[00:28.76]Therefore, it is important to study humans
[00:31.19]in all their richness and diversity in a calm
[00:33.91]and systematic manner,
[00:35.82]with the hope that the knowledge resulting
[00:37.80]from such studies can lead humans
[00:40.22]to a more harmonious way of living with themselves
[00:43.15]and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.
[00:46.90]"Anthropology" derives from the Greek words anthropos
[00:50.48]"human" and logos "the study of."
[00:53.41]By its very name, anthropology encompasses
[00:56.33]the study of all humankind.
[00:58.84]Anthropology is one of the social sciences.
[01:01.87](2)
[01:05.19]which seeks to study humans and their endeavors
[01:08.42]in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic,
[01:11.25]and dispassioned manner that natural scientists
[01:14.42]use for the study of natural phenomena.>
[01:17.54]Social science disciplines include geography, economics,
[01:21.47]political science, psychology, and sociology.
[01:25.41]Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization
[01:29.14]which lies particularly close to anthropology.
[01:32.57]All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity.
[01:36.49]Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline
[01:39.93]which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.
[01:44.26](3)
[01:47.39]combined with a cross-cultural perspective
[01:49.69]brought to the analysis of cultures past and present,
[01:53.12]makes this study a unique
[01:54.73]and distinctly important social science.>
[01:57.75]Anthropological analyses rest heavily
[02:00.55]upon the concept of culture.
[02:02.66]Sir Edward Tylor's formulation of the concept of culture
[02:05.89]was one of the great intellectual achievements
[02:08.31]of 19th century science.
[02:10.63](4)
[02:12.44]"...that complex whole which includes belief, art,
[02:16.07]morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities
[02:20.11]and habits acquired by man as a member of society.">
[02:24.04]This insight, so profound in its simplicity,
[02:27.28]opened up an entirely new way of perceiving
[02:29.80]and understanding human life.
[02:32.33]Implicit within Tylor's definition is the concept
[02:35.44]that culture is learned, shared,
[02:37.76]and patterned behavior.
[02:39.68](5)
[02:42.81]like the concept of "set" in mathematics,
[02:45.64]is an abstract concept
[02:47.66]which makes possible immense amounts
[02:49.58]of concrete research and understanding.>
