GMAT考試語法中的相對(duì)正確性例題示范及解析

　　1.Downzoning, zoning that typically results in the reduction of housing density, allows for more open space in areas where little water or services exist.

　　(A) little water or services exist

　　(B) little water or services exists

　　(C) few services and little water exists

　　(D) there is little water or services available

　　(E) there are few services and little available water

　　這是一道典型的難題，充分體現(xiàn)了GMAT語法中的相對(duì)正確性的原則。A選項(xiàng)中l(wèi)ittle這個(gè)詞既修飾了water又修飾了services，但是little只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞，所以它只能修飾water而不能修飾services, 所以A選項(xiàng)語法是不對(duì)的，而這是個(gè)正確性的錯(cuò)誤。同樣B和D都犯了類似的錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)中主語few services and little water是復(fù)數(shù)，而謂語卻是單數(shù)，也錯(cuò)了。E選項(xiàng)其實(shí)也有錯(cuò)，首先用了there be的句型，這在GMAT語法中一般是不允許的，其次又加了available這個(gè)詞，把原文的意思也改變了，但這些錯(cuò)誤從性質(zhì)上來看只是有效性的錯(cuò)誤，起碼它語法是正確的，而A，B，C，D語法都錯(cuò)了，所以答案選E。

　　我們?cè)倏匆坏婪浅ｎ愃艷MAT語法中的相對(duì)正確性的題目：

　　2.The commission acknowledged that no amount of money or staff members can ensure the safety of people who live in the vicinity of a nuclear plant, but it approved the installation because it believed that all reasonable precautions had been taken.

　　(A) no amount of money or staff members

　　(B) neither vast amounts of money nor staff members

　　(C) neither vast amounts of money nor numbers of staff members

　　(D) neither vast amounts of money nor a large staff

　　(E) no matter how large the staff or how vast the amount of money

　　這道題目和剛才那題非常類似，amount of 這個(gè)短語可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞但不能修飾可數(shù)名詞，而A和B選項(xiàng)中amount of同時(shí)修飾了money這個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞和staff members這個(gè)可數(shù)名詞，所以都是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了numbers of，這是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的表達(dá)方式，表示某物的數(shù)量應(yīng)該用the number of，所以也錯(cuò)了。E選項(xiàng)no matter how 羅嗦，首先用however會(huì)顯得更為簡潔，而其實(shí)即使改用however還是錯(cuò)，因?yàn)檫@是個(gè)強(qiáng)烈語氣表達(dá)，原文中沒有使用正確答案就不能使用。答案選D，有些憑語感解題的同學(xué)會(huì)覺得D選項(xiàng)看上去很不順眼，但解GMAT語法題千萬不能憑語感，而要靠扎扎實(shí)實(shí)的語法分析。A，B，C，E都存在著一定程度的錯(cuò)誤，所以答案選D。

　　最后我們?cè)倏匆坏李}來說明從幾個(gè)都是錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)中來找出一個(gè)相對(duì)正確答案的應(yīng)用。

　　3.The modernization program for the steel mill will cost approximately 51 million dollars, which it is hoped can be completed in the late 1980's.

　　(A) The modernization program for the steel mill will cost approximately 51 million dollars, which it is hoped can be completed in the late 1980's.

　　(B) The modernization program for the steel mill, hopefully completed in the late 1980's, will cost approximately 51 million dollars.

　　(C) Modernizing the steel mill, hopefully to be completed in the late 1980's, will cost approximately 51 million dollars.

　　(D) The program for modernizing the steel mill, which can, it is hoped, be completed in the late 1980's and cost approximately 51 million dollars.

　　(E) Modernizing the steel mill, a program that can, it is hoped, be completed in the late 1980's, will cost approximately 51 million dollars.

　　這道題目中A選項(xiàng)的it is hoped是個(gè)插入語，應(yīng)該前后用兩個(gè)逗號(hào)隔開。而且A中的which語法上看指代了dollar美圓，而從邏輯來分析其實(shí)是應(yīng)該指代program項(xiàng)目的，所以A錯(cuò)了。B選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)用了hopefully這個(gè)詞，這不符合商業(yè)英文的用法，一般是錯(cuò)誤的，應(yīng)該改為it is hoped。D選項(xiàng)犯了個(gè)非常嚴(yán)重的語法錯(cuò)誤，它缺少謂語，所以肯定是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。最后答案選E，而其實(shí)E選項(xiàng)也只是個(gè)相對(duì)最佳而非絕對(duì)最優(yōu)，因?yàn)樗帕薓odernizing the steel mill這個(gè)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)做主語，應(yīng)該把它改成the modernization of the steel mill名詞形式來做主語會(huì)更好一點(diǎn)，但由于這只是個(gè)不簡潔的錯(cuò)誤，屬于有效性的錯(cuò)誤，與A，B，C，D的錯(cuò)誤性質(zhì)比較起來顯得輕微許多，所以答案選E。

　　通過這幾題的講解，相信大家已經(jīng)掌握了GMAT語法中的相對(duì)正確性用法。在下一次我們將會(huì)給大家介紹如何從幾個(gè)都是正確的選項(xiàng)中找出一個(gè)最符合正確答案特征的選項(xiàng)來做為正確答案。