設(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn)之 質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn)程序　Quality Process and Procedure

設(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn)之 質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn)程序　Quality Process and Procedure

在商業(yè)中，質(zhì)量是指產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)滿足其最終使用目的和客戶需求（expectations）的程度。質(zhì)量管理包含對(duì)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中（under development）半成品和生產(chǎn)結(jié)束后成品的質(zhì)量控制，是企業(yè)在市場(chǎng)中處于不敗之地的法寶。

質(zhì)量保證（quality assurance）

質(zhì)量保證就是要確保產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)以合格的條件和狀態(tài)來(lái)滿足最終用戶（end-user requirements）的需求。生產(chǎn)過(guò)程的質(zhì)量保證方式包含：首先，原材料（raw materials）質(zhì)量合格。其次，生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)中（operational procedures）員工的技能和經(jīng)驗(yàn)滿足生產(chǎn)高質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品的要求。最后，對(duì)于滿足或超越標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（meets or exceeds standards）的工作要有一套獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)（incentives）機(jī)制。

⊙Can you guarantee the level of quality coming out of your factory?

你能擔(dān)保從你們工廠出來(lái)的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量嗎？

⊙The production in our factories uses only the highest quality materials.我們工廠在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中只使用質(zhì)量最高的材料。

⊙Our process starts with only the finest in raw materials.最棒的原材料是我們工序的開(kāi)端。

⊙We maintain quality assurance by complying with a strict operational procedure.

我們通過(guò)嚴(yán)格的操作程序來(lái)確保質(zhì)量。

⊙Quality output from our employees is recognized and rewarded.員工做出高質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品將得到表彰和嘉獎(jiǎng)。

⊙We administer quarterly competency exams to keep our technicians up to date on the latest advancements.

我們每個(gè)季度組織考核競(jìng)賽來(lái)保證我們的員工跟上最新的發(fā)展。

⊙If you put your trust in our quality, you won't be disappointed.如果你信賴我們的質(zhì)量，你將不會(huì)失望。

⊙Quality assurance is guaranteed.我們的質(zhì)量是有保證的。

質(zhì)量控制（quality control）

質(zhì)量控制就是以規(guī)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測(cè)試產(chǎn)品的達(dá)標(biāo)程度，并做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整以保持最好的狀態(tài)。把次品率或差錯(cuò)率（margin of error）降至最低就是質(zhì)量控制的目標(biāo)，這一理想目標(biāo)（lofty goal）的實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程需要嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)（stringent）的態(tài)度。

⊙We have quality control experts who do random sampling of our products along multiple points in the assembly line.

我們有質(zhì)量監(jiān)控專家沿著流水線的不同點(diǎn)隨機(jī)抽查產(chǎn)品。

⊙The statistical probability of substandard products coming off the line is 3.4 one millionths. That's a very low margin of error.

生產(chǎn)線上下來(lái)的不合格產(chǎn)品的統(tǒng)計(jì)概率是百萬(wàn)分之三點(diǎn)四，這是一個(gè)非常低的次品率。

⊙We can guarantee the end-product is up to your expectations because we have so many quality control checks in place.

因?yàn)槲覀兡壳坝泻芏嗟馁|(zhì)量監(jiān)控，我們可以確保最終產(chǎn)品符合你的期望。

⊙We meet and exceed all the applicable safety regulations.

我們達(dá)到并超越了所有的可行性安全規(guī)則。

⊙With quality control, our reputation speaks for itself.對(duì)于質(zhì)量控制，我們的聲譽(yù)說(shuō)明了一切。

⊙Some of the measures we have in place include quality control experts that stand on the production lines.

我們一些措施包括目前在生產(chǎn)線上的質(zhì)量監(jiān)控專家。

質(zhì)量提高（quality improvement）

質(zhì)量提高是涵蓋產(chǎn)品、生產(chǎn)過(guò)程和人員等各方面因素的整體過(guò)程。根據(jù)你所在的行業(yè)具體情況，制定并完善制造工藝（manufacturing enhancements）、改進(jìn)設(shè)備性能、引進(jìn)新的技術(shù)和設(shè)備、重新審核商業(yè)慣例等都是完善產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的方法。

⊙We need to continually examine our current business practices to see if there is any room for improvement.

我們需要不斷地檢查現(xiàn)行的商業(yè)慣例，看是否還有改善的空間。

⊙To improve the quality of our production even more, we are instituting programs for manufacturing enhancements.

為了進(jìn)一步提高我們產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量，我們正在執(zhí)行完善工藝的項(xiàng)目。

總結(jié)

產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的重要性對(duì)于任何一個(gè)眼光長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)、胸懷抱負(fù)的制造商或企業(yè)家都有著不言而喻的重要性。把握原材料的品質(zhì)，嚴(yán)格監(jiān)控將次品率降至最低，通過(guò)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)機(jī)制或企業(yè)文化強(qiáng)調(diào)質(zhì)量的重要性、加強(qiáng)工藝水平或改良商業(yè)慣例，最終出來(lái)的產(chǎn)品一定會(huì)受到廣泛的好評(píng)。

Words　單詞表

applicable適當(dāng)?shù)?，可?yīng)用的

brand商標(biāo)，品牌

comply遵守，服從

consultant研究員，顧問(wèn)

institute著手，執(zhí)行

enhancement增加，提高

glitch故障

guarantee擔(dān)保，保證

persnickety愛(ài)挑剔的

plummet驟然跌落，暴跌

probability概率

ruined破壞的，毀滅的

shoddy假冒偽劣的，次劣的

similar類(lèi)似的，相仿的

slogan標(biāo)語(yǔ)，口號(hào)

statistical統(tǒng)計(jì)的

Phrases　短語(yǔ)表

all the sudden突然

along the way一路上

be for naught化為烏有

be granted a patent被授予專利權(quán)

be known for……因……而被認(rèn)可/認(rèn)知

be committed to致力于，委身于

creep up慢慢上升，逐漸增長(zhǎng)

have a glitch in the system系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)故障

meet a regulation滿足/符合規(guī)定

random sampling隨機(jī)抽樣

reputation speaks for itself聲譽(yù)不言自明

You betcha！沒(méi)錯(cuò)！那還用說(shuō)？

come off the assembly lines從組裝線上下來(lái)的

get a clue得到線索/頭緒

I just don't get it.我只是不明白這一點(diǎn)。

margin of error誤差范圍

poor quality質(zhì)量差

raw material原材料，生產(chǎn)原料

substandard product不合格產(chǎn)品

實(shí)景對(duì)話1

A：Actually, one area that I am especially interested in is your quality assurance and control procedure. Will we get a chance to see some of those on our tour today?

B：You betcha！

（Later, at the assembly lines）

A：Starting with quality raw materials is just the beginning. As the materials enter the production line, we maintain quality assurance by complying with a strict operational procedure. We have quality control experts who do random sampling of our products along multiple points in the assembly line.

B：What kind of margin of error are you seeing?

A：The statistical probability of substandard products coming off the line is 3. 4 one millionths. That's a very low margin of error.

B：Very impressive！

A：Well, even though we maintain a very high standard of quality, we are still very committed to continued quality improvement. We continually examine our current business practices to see if there is any room for improvement.

B：Quality improvement?What do you mean by that?Can you give me an example?

A：Well, one example is a new policy on technical standards for our workers.

Starting this year, we administer quarterly competency exams to keep our technicians up to date on the latest advancements. We also have incentive programs for employees.Quality output from our employees is recognized and rewarded.

A：事實(shí)上，我特別感興趣的是你們的質(zhì)量保證和控制程序。我們?cè)诮裉斓膮⒂^中有機(jī)會(huì)看一些相關(guān)內(nèi)容嗎？

B：當(dāng)然沒(méi)問(wèn)題。

（隨后，在流水線旁）

A：采用高品質(zhì)的原材料只是一個(gè)開(kāi)端。隨著原材料進(jìn)入生產(chǎn)線，我們通過(guò)嚴(yán)格的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)程序來(lái)確保產(chǎn)品的高質(zhì)量。我們有質(zhì)量監(jiān)控專家沿著流水線的不同點(diǎn)隨機(jī)抽查產(chǎn)品。

B：你們看到什么樣的差錯(cuò)范圍？

A：得出的不合格產(chǎn)品的統(tǒng)計(jì)概率是百萬(wàn)分之三點(diǎn)四。差錯(cuò)范圍非常小。

B：太令人贊嘆了！

A：即便是我們保持一個(gè)很高的質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，我們依然積極投身于繼續(xù)改善質(zhì)量。

我們不斷檢查目前的商業(yè)慣例，看是否還有改善的空間。

B：質(zhì)量改善?你指的是什么？你能給我一個(gè)例子嗎？

A：比如我們針對(duì)工人的技能水準(zhǔn)新政策。從今年開(kāi)始，我們每個(gè)季度組織考核競(jìng)賽，以此來(lái)保證我們的技工能跟上最新的發(fā)展。我們也有針對(duì)員工的激勵(lì)計(jì)劃，員工做出高質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品將得到表彰和嘉獎(jiǎng)。

實(shí)景對(duì)話2

A：Our quality process and procedure needs review. There's a persnickety creep up in our margin of error. Our customers know us for our quality.In the past, with quality control, our reputation spoke for itself.But if the quality of our products continues to plummet, then our brand is ruined！All of the investment we have put into branding and brand development will have been for naught！

B：That's right. Our slogan, after all is，“If you put your trust in our quality， you won't be disappointed.”But lately, with the problems we've been having in quality assurance and control, we're disappointing our customers with shoddy product.

A：I just don't get it. We meet and exceed all the applicable safety regulations.

The production in our factories uses only the highest quality materials. I don't know where the glitch in our system is.Why all the sudden such poor quality products came off the assembly lines.

B：We haven't made any changes in the way we've done our production, but the result is an increase in substandard products. I haven't got a clue what's causing the trouble either.Maybe we should call in for a quality improvement consultant to help us out.

A：That's not such a bad idea. We need to review our quality assurance and control and seek for ways of quality improvement. If we can't figure it out ourselves, maybe we do need a quality improvement expert.

A：我們需要檢查質(zhì)量過(guò)程和程序，我們的差錯(cuò)范圍在逐漸擴(kuò)大。我們因?yàn)槠焚|(zhì)而著稱，在過(guò)去，通過(guò)質(zhì)量控制我們獲得了好聲譽(yù)，但如果我們的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量繼續(xù)大幅下跌，那我們的品牌就毀了，我們?yōu)槠放拼蛟旌桶l(fā)展上的投資都將付諸東流。

B：有道理。畢竟，我們的口號(hào)是“如果你信賴我們的質(zhì)量，那你一定不會(huì)失望”。但最近由于在品質(zhì)保證和監(jiān)控上的問(wèn)題，使得客戶因?yàn)檫@些殘次品而對(duì)我們失望。

A：我就是搞不懂。我們達(dá)到并且超越了所有可行的安全規(guī)定。我們工廠在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中只使用最高質(zhì)量的材料。我不知道系統(tǒng)中哪里出了問(wèn)題，為什么突然間會(huì)有那種劣質(zhì)產(chǎn)品從流水線上下來(lái)？

B：我們的生產(chǎn)方式一直都沒(méi)有做任何調(diào)整，但結(jié)果是次品量上升。我也不知道問(wèn)題的癥結(jié)在哪里。也許我們應(yīng)該尋求一個(gè)質(zhì)量改良顧問(wèn)來(lái)為我們解惑。

A：聽(tīng)上去倒是個(gè)不賴的主意。我們需要檢查我們的質(zhì)量保證和監(jiān)控并設(shè)法提高質(zhì)量。如果我們自己找不出來(lái)，也許我們真的需要一個(gè)質(zhì)量改良專家了。