名人軼事：The Edison Effect 大發(fā)明家--愛迪生 02
twentieth century. Although there are those who may disagree, one thing
cannot be denied: Edison was a genius, and his inventions greatly affected
the development of modern society.
Born in 1847 in Ohio, Thomas Edison attended school for only three months.
After his teacher claimed that he could not learn, Edison's mother decided to
teach him at home. There he was allowed to explore the subjects that most
interested him. By age ten, Edison had built a science laboratory in the
basement of his family's home and had become an avid experimenter.
Edison got his first job at age twelve on the railway selling candy and
newspapers. Three years later, he suffered an ear injury from a train
accident and lost much of his hearing. He could have had an operation, but he
refused. He insisted that being deaf helped him concentrate on his
experiments.
Thomas Edison's first invention was the automatic telegraph repeater. He was
already an expert on the telegraph before he came up with a gadget that sent
telegraph signals between unmanned stations. Thanks to Edison, people were
then able to send several telegraph messages simultaneously .
Next came the electric vote recorder. It made voting quicker and more
accurate, yet no one wanted to buy it. Edison then moved on to tackle the
stock market ticker, the machine that gave information about stock market
prices. Edison improved it, and sold the rights for US$40,000.
In his late twenties, Edison built an "invention factory" where he and his
business partners could dedicate all their time to inventing. After improving
upon the telephone, Edison created the phonograph, his favorite and most
lucrativeinvention. Although Edison did not actually invent the light bulb,
he did create an electric lighting system which led to its widespread use.
A tireless achiever, Edison established the first central electric power
station in 1882, enabling New York to be the first city in the world to have
electric lights. This was the beginning of the modern world in which
electricity became a way of life.
The following year, one of Edison's engineers discovered electrons, which
eventually led to electronics, the branch of science dealing with
electricity. This discovery was patented as the "Edison effect". Without
electronics, we might not have radio, TV, computers, or space travel. The
rest of Edison's life was spent making and improving inventions including the
motion picture camera, the alkaline battery, the copy machine, and the
microphone.
Thomas Edison died at the age of eighty-four in 1931. Three days later, much
of America dimmed its lights in honor of the inventor— man who had more
impact on the development of present-day civilization than anyone else in
history.
大發(fā)明家──愛迪生
有許多人認(rèn)為是愛迪生一手創(chuàng)造了二十世紀(jì)。雖然有不少人可能有不同的看法，但有一
件事是無法否認(rèn)的，愛迪生是個(gè)天才，以及他的發(fā)明深刻地影響了現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的發(fā)展。
1847年愛迪生出生于俄亥俄州。他僅僅只上了三個(gè)月的學(xué)。在愛迪生的老師聲稱他有學(xué)
習(xí)障礙之后，他的母親決定在家教他。在家里，愛迪生可以隨心所欲地探索最使他感興
趣的事物。十歲那年，愛迪生在家里的地下室建了一間科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。從此，愛迪生就成
了一位孜孜不倦的實(shí)驗(yàn)者。
十二歲時(shí)，愛迪生找到了他的第一份工作──在火車上賣糖果和報(bào)紙。三年后，一場(chǎng)火
車事故導(dǎo)致他耳朵受傷，幾乎完全失聰。他本可以接受手術(shù)治療，但他拒絕了，因?yàn)樗?/p>
堅(jiān)信聽覺的喪失可以讓他更專心地做實(shí)驗(yàn)。
電報(bào)自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)器是托馬斯·愛迪生的第一個(gè)發(fā)明。他發(fā)明的這種裝置，用于在無人看管
的兩站之間傳輸電報(bào)信號(hào)，在此項(xiàng)發(fā)明前，愛迪生就已經(jīng)是位電報(bào)專家了。幸虧有愛迪
生，我們才能在同一時(shí)間傳送好幾封電報(bào)訊息。
接下來的電子記票器讓統(tǒng)計(jì)票數(shù)的速度更快、更準(zhǔn)確，但卻沒有人要買。之后，愛迪生
轉(zhuǎn)而進(jìn)行股票行情收錄器的研究，他把收錄器作了改進(jìn)并將該項(xiàng)專利以四萬美元賣出。
近三十歲時(shí)，愛迪生蓋了一座“發(fā)明工廠”，可讓他和他的同事專心致力于發(fā)明工作。
在改進(jìn)了電話功能后，愛迪生又發(fā)明了留聲機(jī)，這是他喜愛的而且最能賺錢的一項(xiàng)發(fā)明
。雖然愛迪生實(shí)際上并沒有發(fā)明燈泡，但他的確發(fā)明了電燈照明系統(tǒng)，這導(dǎo)致了燈泡的
廣泛使用。
1882年，這位孜孜不倦的實(shí)踐家建成了第一座中央電站，使紐約市成為世界上第一個(gè)有
電力照明設(shè)備的城市，這就是現(xiàn)代世界的開始，電成為人們的一種生活方式。
第二年，愛迪生手下的一名工程師發(fā)現(xiàn)了電子，最后導(dǎo)致電子學(xué)的產(chǎn)生。這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)以“
愛迪生效應(yīng)”獲得發(fā)明專利。假若沒有電子學(xué)，我們可能就沒有收音機(jī)、電視機(jī)、電腦
，甚至太空旅行。在最后的歲月里，愛迪生繼續(xù)創(chuàng)造并改進(jìn)那些發(fā)明，其中包括電影攝
像機(jī)、堿性電池、復(fù)印機(jī)，以及麥克風(fēng)。
愛迪生1931年去世，享年84歲。在他死后三天，美國大部分地區(qū)使燈暗下來來紀(jì)念這位
在歷史上對(duì)現(xiàn)代文明發(fā)展最具影響力的發(fā)明家。
