2017英語專業(yè)八級語法改錯練習(xí)(3)

　　Now, it is clear that the decline of a language must ultimately have political and economical causes: it is not due simply to the bad __1__influence of this or that individual writers. But an effect can become __2__a cause, reinforce the original cause and producing the same effect __3__in an intensified form, and so on indefinitely. A man may take drink __4__because he feels himself to be a failure, and then fail all the most __5__completely because he drinks. It is rather the same thing that is happening to the English language. It becomes ugly and inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish, but the sloven of our language __6__

　　makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts. The point is that the process is irreversible. Modern English, especially written English, __7__is full of bad habits which spread by imitation and which can be avoided if one is willing to take the necessary trouble. If one gets rid of these habits one can think more clearly, and think clearly is a __8__necessary first step towards political regeneration: so that the fight against bad English is not frivolous and is not the exclusive concerning __9__of professional writers. I will come back to this present, and I hope __10__

　　that by that time the meaning of what I have said here will have become clearer.

　　答案及解析:

　　1.economical-economic

　　economical的意思是“節(jié)約的，經(jīng)濟的，省錢的”，而此處應(yīng)選擇economic表示“經(jīng)濟的，有關(guān)經(jīng)濟的”。

　　2.writers-writer

　　this or that后面應(yīng)接單數(shù)名詞，因為從意思上來看應(yīng)是二選一的，所以是單數(shù)。

　　3.reinforce-reinforcing

　　“an effect can become a cause”和“reinforce the original cause”兩個分句并不是并列的關(guān)系，應(yīng)該說是主句和從句的關(guān)系，應(yīng)該將reinforce變?yōu)?ing形式，這也與后面的“producing the same effect”保持形式上的一致。

　　4.take^-to

　　take to 表示“養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣，沉湎于”。

　　5.most-more

　　all the more 表示“更加”，如：

　　The living room is decorated in pale colors which make it all he more airy.

　　6.sloven-slovenliness

　　sloven作名詞表示“懶散的人，散漫的人”，這里顯然語義不對，所以應(yīng)改為slovenliness表示“懶散，邋遢”。

　　7.irreversible-reversible

　　reversible(可逆的)，irreversible(不可逆的)

　　如上文所述，語言和思維的關(guān)系是相互影響的;由于我們思想的愚蠢，我們的語言變得丑陋，不準確;同時我們的語言的不精確也使我們的思維變得更加愚蠢。所以這個過程是能倒退的。

　　8.^think-to

　　動詞原形本身無法作主語，必須將它變成-ing形式或不定式，由于這里有將要發(fā)生的含義，所以選用不定式 to think。

　　9.concerning-concern

　　concern本身既可以做動詞也可以作名次。

　　10.present-presently

　　presently表示“不久，一會兒”。present在這里講不通。