《孫子兵法》第53期:第九章 行軍(4)

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行軍篇 NO.4：

敵近而靜者，恃其險(xiǎn)也;

遠(yuǎn)而挑戰(zhàn)者，欲人之進(jìn)也;

其所居易者，利也;

眾樹(shù)動(dòng)者，來(lái)也;

眾草多障者，疑也;

鳥(niǎo)起者，伏也;

獸駭者，覆也;

塵高而銳者，車(chē)來(lái)也;

卑而廣者，徒來(lái)也;

散而條達(dá)者，樵采也;

少而往來(lái)者，營(yíng)軍也;

這句啥意思：

敵人離我很近而安靜的，是依仗它占領(lǐng)險(xiǎn)要地形;

敵人離我很遠(yuǎn)但挑戰(zhàn)不休，是想誘我前進(jìn);

敵人之所以駐扎在平坦地方，是因?yàn)閷?duì)它有某種好處。

許多樹(shù)木搖動(dòng)，是敵人隱蔽前來(lái);

草叢中有許多遮障物，是敵人布下的疑陣;

群鳥(niǎo)驚飛，是下面有伏兵;

野獸駭奔，是敵人大舉突襲;

塵土高而尖，是敵人戰(zhàn)車(chē)駛來(lái);

塵土低而寬廣，是敵人的步兵開(kāi)來(lái);

塵土疏散飛揚(yáng)，是敵人正在拽柴而走;

塵土少而時(shí)起時(shí)落;是敵人正在扎營(yíng)。

英文這么說(shuō)：

When the enemy is close at hand and remains quiet,he is relying on the natural strength of hisposition.

When he keeps aloof and tries to provoke a battle,he is anxious for the other side to advance.

If his place of encampment is easy of access,he is tendering a bait.

Movement amongst the trees of a forest shows that the enemy is advancing.

The appearance of a number of screens in the midst of thick grass means that the enemywants to make us suspicious.

The rising of birds in their flight is the sign of an ambuscade.

Startled beasts indicate that a sudden attack is coming.

When there is dust rising in a high column,it is the sign of chariots advancing;

when the dust is low,but spread over a wide area, it betokens the approach of infantry.

When it branches out in different directions,it shows that parties have been sent to collectfirewood.

A few clouds of dust moving to and fro signify that the army is encamping.

心理分析

此段是對(duì)敵我雙方的心理分析：敵人逼近而安靜，是依靠他所占據(jù)的有利地形，因而我們必須小心，耐心，使敵人的有利地形發(fā)揮不了作用;敵人相隔甚遠(yuǎn)卻主動(dòng)挑戰(zhàn)，是想引誘我們冒進(jìn)，因而我們切不可操之過(guò)急，更不可孤軍深入。這幾句啟發(fā)我們要懂得軍事心理學(xué)，要善于分析敵人的表現(xiàn)和軍事跡象，采取相應(yīng)的軍事對(duì)策。