CNN News:什么是腦震蕩？

There`s a new CNN documentary premiering this weekend that examines a certain type of brain injury. The program is called, "Big Hits, Broken Dreams," and the host, CNN`s Dr. Sanjay Gupta, explores the impact of concussions on young athletes.

CNN在最近這周推出了一個(gè)關(guān)于腦部傷害的紀(jì)錄片。這個(gè)項(xiàng)目被稱為，大的沖擊&破碎的夢(mèng)。桑吉古普塔教授作為此次項(xiàng)目的主持人對(duì)腦震蕩對(duì)年輕運(yùn)動(dòng)員所造成的影響做了詳細(xì)調(diào)查。

It`s a really relevant topic, especially to a lot of you high school football players out there. And I had a chance to talk with Dr. Gupta recently about the symptoms and effects of these injuries.

這確實(shí)是一個(gè)相對(duì)的話題，尤其對(duì)很多高中生足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員來(lái)說(shuō)。最近我有幸與普塔教授探討了腦震蕩的臨床表現(xiàn)癥狀和影響。

Dr. Sanjay Gupta, can you start for us by just defining exactly what a concussion is?

桑吉古普塔教授，您收先給我們簡(jiǎn)單介紹一下什么是腦震蕩么?

Well, let me say one thing that it`s not. It doesn`t mean you have to lose consciousness. I think that`s a misconception that unless you lose consciousness it`s not a concussion.

首先我要先說(shuō)明一點(diǎn)，腦震蕩并不是代表是去意識(shí)。那是一種錯(cuò)誤的認(rèn)識(shí)，只要你失去了意識(shí)那便不屬于腦震蕩。

A concussion is a type of brain injury, where basically the -- you have lots of things firing in your brain at any given time. This is a disruption of that, so people feel some altered sensation, altered vision. They may feel like their hearing is in a tin box. They may get numb and they may get confused. So it can be anything as vague as that, but definitely people know it when they have it.

腦震蕩是一種腦部受損的疾病，就像有一團(tuán)火時(shí)時(shí)刻刻在你腦子里面燒。這是腦震蕩所呈現(xiàn)出的一種分裂表現(xiàn)，所以有些腦震蕩患者總覺(jué)得看到的，感覺(jué)到的都不一樣?；颊咚?tīng)到的聲音都像是從盒子里面發(fā)出來(lái)的，耳邊有嗡嗡的響聲?？赡馨橛新槟舅季S錯(cuò)亂的癥狀出現(xiàn)。所以腦震蕩可以表現(xiàn)為任何一種模糊不清的癥狀，可以肯定的是，當(dāng)你有這些癥狀的時(shí)候，你肯定是患有腦震蕩了。

Why is it more dangerous for young people to take big hits than adults?

為什么年輕人患病要比成年人危險(xiǎn)呢?

This is a bit counterintuitive, because typically young kids and children are usually more resilient to all sort of injuries. When it comes to the brain, it`s a little bit different, though, and that`s because the brain is still forming, still developing at that age.

這就有點(diǎn)違反常理了。從常理來(lái)講，年輕人和兒童是對(duì)外部傷害有一定的抵抗力。但當(dāng)病情發(fā)生在腦部的時(shí)候情況有點(diǎn)不同，因?yàn)樵谒麄兡莻€(gè)年齡，腦部還屬于一個(gè)發(fā)育和成長(zhǎng)的階段。

And what they have found in now some very objective studies is that if you have a lot of these hits as a young person, you create some changes to the brain that can interfere with that development, and lead to lifelong problems, whether it be memory problems, whether it be emotional problems such as depression or anger, but it`s more -- it`s a little bit more pronounced in a young person.

據(jù)現(xiàn)在的研究表明，如果一個(gè)人在年輕時(shí)曾多次受到腦部損傷，那么他的腦部會(huì)伴隨著他的成長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生出很多負(fù)面影響，甚至影響到以后的生活?？赡苁怯洃浬系挠绊?，也可能是情感上的影響，例如情緒低落或者憤怒。但是更多，多一些的可能性是發(fā)生在年輕人身上。

Concussions are often caused by a shock to the head, so it`s common to see them in contact sports, like football. That`s what Dr. Gupta focused on in this CNN documentary. Part of what he looked at is how scientists are studying these injuries and working to prevent them.

腦震蕩通常由頭部受到撞擊引起，所以發(fā)生在運(yùn)動(dòng)員身上是非常普遍的現(xiàn)象，比如說(shuō)足球。這就是桑吉古普塔教授帶給我們的信息。視頻中我們還可以看到科學(xué)家們工作的畫面。