CNN News:美國(guó)俘虜交換歷史

We`ve covered a lot of back and forth this week surrounding a controversial prisoner exchange. In order to bring home Army Sergeant Bowe Bergdahl, the last American captive from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, the Obama administration okayed the release of five high ranking members of the Taliban. Afghanistan`s former rulers who have ties to terrorists. A new video from the Taliban shows the moments when Sergeant Bergdahl was released. He`s taken from a truck, walked over to U.S. Special Forces who were seeing shaking hands with Taliban members, and put aboard a Black Hawk helicopter. A U.S. senator says this video will likely be used as propaganda by the Taliban. That group has called this exchange a big victory. The Obama administration, which has been criticized by Democrats and Republicans over the exchange says it needed to act fast, because Bergdahl`s health was in jeopardy. As debate over that continues, Randi Kaye looks into the history of prisoner exchanges.

這周我們已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了很多次來(lái)來(lái)回回圍繞有爭(zhēng)議囚犯進(jìn)行交換的討論，為了把陸軍中士Bowe Bergdahl帶回國(guó)，奧巴馬政府批準(zhǔn)釋放五名塔利班高級(jí)武裝分子作為交換，Bowe Bergdahl中士是在阿富汗-伊拉克戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上被俘的。阿富汗前統(tǒng)治者與恐怖分子有聯(lián)系。在塔利班組織發(fā)布的最新錄像中播放了Sergeant Bergdahl被釋放的畫(huà)面。他從一輛卡車(chē)中被帶下來(lái)，走到美國(guó)特種部隊(duì)人面前，可以看到他們與塔利班組織成員握了手，然后上了一架黑鷹直升機(jī)。一位美國(guó)議員說(shuō)這份影像可能被用來(lái)作為塔利班的宣傳影像，該組織稱此次交換是一次偉大勝利。奧巴馬政府已經(jīng)被民主黨派和共和黨派人士因此次交換受到批評(píng)，稱此次行動(dòng)需要及時(shí)，因?yàn)锽ergdahl的生命安全處于危險(xiǎn)之中?，F(xiàn)在辯論仍在繼續(xù)，Randi Kaye對(duì)罪犯研究歷史做了研究。

Prisoner swaps in America are as old as the country itself. Think back to the American Revolutionary War when President George Washington exchanged enemy prisoners for Americans. This letter from the National Archives written by Washington himself lays out the terms of one such exchange.

交換囚犯存在時(shí)間與美國(guó)存在歷史相當(dāng)。想想回到美國(guó)革命戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期，美國(guó)總統(tǒng)華盛頓為救一名美國(guó)人交換了一名敵人俘虜。這封來(lái)自美國(guó)檔案館華盛頓總統(tǒng)親手寫(xiě)下的條款向世人證明了交換囚犯的歷史證據(jù)。

President Madison swapped prisoners, too, during the war of 1812, trading the enemy for American military personnel. Abraham Lincoln also traded enemy fighters for American soldiers.

總統(tǒng)麥迪遜也交換過(guò)囚犯，在1812年，為美國(guó)軍事人員交換了一名敵人俘虜。亞伯拉罕林肯同樣也因?yàn)闋I(yíng)救一名美國(guó)士兵交換了地方士兵。

Fast forward to 1962 when Francis Gary Powers, an American U2 pilot was released by Russia in exchange for a convicted Soviet spy named Rudolph Abel. Powers plane was downed in 1960 during a reconnaissance flight over Moscow. The two were exchanged in the middle of a bridge between East Germany and West Germany. Powers family was informed just five minutes before the White House announced it.

當(dāng)時(shí)間來(lái)到1962年的時(shí)候，弗朗西斯鮑爾斯，一名美國(guó)U2飛行員被俄羅斯釋放交換一名被定罪名叫魯?shù)婪騺啿奶K聯(lián)間諜。鮑爾斯的飛機(jī)在1960年在莫斯科上空偵查飛行時(shí)被擊落，他們倆在東德國(guó)和西德國(guó)之間的一座大橋上進(jìn)行交換，鮑爾斯的家人僅在白宮宣布釋放間諜前五分鐘接到通知。

In March, 1991 at the end of the First Gulf war, Iraq accepted the terms of cease-fire. That led to an exchange of POWs including 35 Americans, which were freed in center Riyadh. As many as 20 prisoners from allied forces were handed over, too.

在1991年3月第一次海灣戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)快結(jié)束的時(shí)候，伊拉克接受停火，并交換戰(zhàn)俘，包括釋放35名美國(guó)人，此次交換過(guò)程在利雅得中心進(jìn)行。另外有20多名盟軍囚犯也被移交。

Everyone on is a hero (ph). They look happy to be home, happy to be in freedom.

每個(gè)人都是英雄，他們看起來(lái)很高興能回到家中，很高興能獲得自由。

But what about an ongoing conflict, when the U.S. soldier is being held by a designated terrorist organization? On that score, there does not seem to be any precedent. Randi Kaye, CNN, New York.

但是現(xiàn)在仍然在進(jìn)行的戰(zhàn)火怎么辦呢?當(dāng)美國(guó)士兵被特定的恐怖組織控制的時(shí)候還可以進(jìn)行交換嗎?在這一點(diǎn)上，還沒(méi)有任何交換俘虜?shù)南壤?。CNN記者Randi Kaye在紐約為您報(bào)道。