國際關(guān)系英語詞匯大全Unit 6

　　International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined territory, one government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states.It is also normally understood to be a state that is neither dependent on nor subject to any other power or state.

　　主權(quán)國家(Sovereign state)，指擁有獨立主權(quán)的獨立國家(Independent States)，是國際社會的最基本成員，其統(tǒng)治和管理的權(quán)力由該國家或組織的人持有，不受他方影響。截止2011年7月18日，世界上共有197個主權(quán)國家(193個聯(lián)合國會員國，2個聯(lián)合國觀察員國(巴勒斯坦，梵蒂岡)，2個未加入聯(lián)合國(庫克群島，紐埃)。

　　2.Comprehensive National Power：綜合國力

　　Comprehensive National Power(CNP)is a putative measure, important in the contemporary political thought of thePeople's Republic of China, of the general power of a nation-state. CNP can be calculated numerically by combining various quantitative indices to create a single number held to measure the power of a nation-state.These indices take into account both military factors (known as hard power) and economic and cultural factors (known as soft power). CNP is notable for being an original Chinese political concept with no roots in either contemporary Western political theory, Marxism-Leninism, or pre-20th-century Chinese thinking.

　　綜合國力是一個假定的指數(shù)，是中華人民共和國重要的當(dāng)代政治思想，反映當(dāng)今各個民族國家的一般國力。 CNP的計算可以根據(jù)各種定量指標(biāo)相結(jié)合，建立一個單一的數(shù)量來衡量一個民族國家的力量，這些指標(biāo)考慮采取軍事因素(稱為硬實力)，經(jīng)濟和文化因素(稱為軟實力)。 CNP值得注意的特點是，它是完全來自中國的政治概念，無論是當(dāng)代西方政治理論中、馬克思列寧主義、20世紀(jì)以前中國人的思維，都對CNP的產(chǎn)生創(chuàng)立發(fā)展沒有什么影響。

　　3.International organization:國際組織

　　An international organization is an organization with an international membership, scope, or presence. There are two main types:International nongovernmental organizations(INGOs):non-governmental organizations(NGOs) that operate internationally. These include international non-profit organizations and worldwide companies such as the World Organization of the Scout Movement, International Committee of the Red Cross, Médecins Sans Frontières and World Safeguard and Media Limited.Intergovernmental organizations, also known as international governmental organizations (IGOs): the type of organization most closely associated with the term ‘international organization', these are organizations that are made up primarily ofsovereign states(referred to as member states). Notable examples include the United Nations(UN), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe(OSCE), Council of Europe(CoE), European Union(EU; which is a prime example of a supranational organization), and World Trade Organization(WTO). The UN has used the term "intergovernmental organization" instead of "international organization" for clarity.

　　國際組織是具有國際性行為特征的組織，可以解決國與國之間的各項事務(wù)，國際組織可分為兩種主要型態(tài)：政府間國際組織：成員都是主權(quán)國家或其它成員不必為主權(quán)國家的國際組織(像歐盟和世界貿(mào)易組織)。非政府間國際組織(NGOs)：任何國際組織，凡未經(jīng)政府間協(xié)議而建立，均被視為是為這種安排而成立的非政府國際組織。包括獨立組織、民間組織、第三部門、志愿協(xié)會。從法律角度來講，政府間的國際組織必須有一部公約作為基礎(chǔ)，并且有一個法人。