國(guó)際關(guān)系英語(yǔ)詞匯大全Unit 16

　　1.Class conflict

　　Class conflict, frequently referred to as class warfare or class struggle, is the tension or antagonism which exists in society due to competing socioeconomic interests and desires between people of different classes. The view that the class struggle provides the lever for radical social change for the majority is central to the work of Karl Marx and the anarchist Mikhail Bakunin. However, the discovery of the existence of class struggle is not the product of their theories; their theories can instead be seen as a response to the existence of class struggles.

　　1.階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)

　　階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)指對(duì)抗階級(jí)之間的對(duì)立和斗爭(zhēng)。是根本利益對(duì)立的階級(jí)之間相互沖突的表現(xiàn)，是解決對(duì)立階級(jí)之間矛盾的基本手段。在于不同階級(jí)的經(jīng)濟(jì)地位和物質(zhì)利益的對(duì)立。一切階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)，都是在物質(zhì)利益即經(jīng)濟(jì)利益互相對(duì)立和沖突的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)生的，歸根到底也都是圍繞著物質(zhì)利益而進(jìn)行的。在階級(jí)社會(huì)里，階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)首先在各個(gè)社會(huì)形態(tài)的兩大基本階級(jí)之間展開(kāi)，如奴隸社會(huì)奴隸階級(jí)和奴隸主階級(jí)的斗爭(zhēng)，封建社會(huì)農(nóng)民階級(jí)和地主階級(jí)的斗爭(zhēng)，資本主義社會(huì)無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)和資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的斗爭(zhēng)。

　　2.Value

　　A personal value is absolute or relative and ethical value, the assumption of which can be the basis for ethical action. A value system is a set of consistent values and measures. A principle value is a foundation upon which other values and measures of integrity are based.

　　2.價(jià)值觀(guān)

　　通俗的說(shuō)，價(jià)值觀(guān)就是指人、動(dòng)物、書(shū)、文化對(duì)客觀(guān)事物(包括人、事、物)的價(jià)值認(rèn)識(shí)的排列，是動(dòng)物就會(huì)有價(jià)值觀(guān)，就會(huì)有價(jià)值排列。反價(jià)值觀(guān)同樣存在。價(jià)值觀(guān)也是可變的。不管你承認(rèn)不承認(rèn)，價(jià)值觀(guān)都存在著，它有最大價(jià)值、第二價(jià)值、第三價(jià)值、第四價(jià)值……一直排列下去，比如有人認(rèn)為愛(ài)情比錢(qián)有價(jià)值，有人認(rèn)為錢(qián)比愛(ài)情有價(jià)值。

　　3.subjective theory of value(STV)

　　The subjective theory of value is a theory of value which advances the idea that the value of a good is not determined by any inherent property of the good, nor by the amount of labor required to produce the good, but instead value is determined by the importance an acting individual places on a good for the achievement of their desired ends. This theory is one of the core concepts of the Austrian School of Economics. While the modern version of this theory was discovered independently and nearly simultaneously by William Stanley Jevons, Léon Walras, and Carl Menger in the late 19th century it had in fact been advanced in the Middle Ages and Renaissance but did not gain widespread acceptance at that time.

　　3.主觀(guān)價(jià)值理論

　　主觀(guān)價(jià)值理論是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的價(jià)值理論，認(rèn)為產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)本身并沒(méi)有經(jīng)濟(jì)的價(jià)值，而是由于個(gè)人對(duì)它們的需求才有價(jià)值存在。而這些價(jià)值是依據(jù)購(gòu)買(mǎi)者肯為此付出多少代價(jià)(如貨幣)來(lái)計(jì)算的。由于世界上每個(gè)人都有不同的需求和情況，因此，所謂“正確”的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值或價(jià)格在客觀(guān)上是不存在的。