CNN News:美國(guó)西半球事務(wù)助理國(guó)務(wù)卿前往古巴 擬重建美國(guó)駐古巴大使館

CARL AZUZ, CNN ANCHOR: Name: Carl Azuz. Date, January 22, Assignment, to bring current events to your class. We are glad you are watching. You probably haven`t heard of Roberta Jacobson. She`s the U.S. assistant secretary of state for Western affairs. And what she did yesterday was significant. She arrived in Havana, the capital of Cuba. She`s there to move forward on President Obama`s plan to reestablish an American embassy there.

今天是1月22號(hào)，我是Carl Azuz，這里是不含商業(yè)廣告的CNN學(xué)生新聞，歡迎大家收看。你可能沒聽說(shuō)過(guò)羅伯塔雅各布森，她是負(fù)責(zé)美國(guó)西半球事務(wù)的助理國(guó)務(wù)卿。昨天她所做的事情有著非常重大的意義，昨天她抵達(dá)了古巴首都哈瓦那。為了執(zhí)行奧巴馬總統(tǒng)的外交政策前往該地，擬重新建立美國(guó)駐古巴大使館。

His decision to improve relations between the U.S. and Cuba is a controversial one. The president says the last 50 years of isolating the Caribbean nation haven`t worked, that the U.S. can be more influential over Cuba`s communist government by normalizing relations with it.

奧巴馬總統(tǒng)關(guān)于改善美國(guó)與古巴之間的外交關(guān)系之舉是備受爭(zhēng)議的。總統(tǒng)稱過(guò)去50年對(duì)加勒比海沿岸國(guó)家的隔離政策并沒有多大效果，美國(guó)可以通過(guò)關(guān)系正常化來(lái)對(duì)古巴共產(chǎn)黨政府展開進(jìn)一步影響。

But shortly after that announcement Cuban President Raul Castro said the U.S. needed to respect Cuba`s communist rule. The rift between the two countries goes back to the Cold War.

但是聲明發(fā)布后不久古巴總統(tǒng)勞爾卡斯特羅稱美國(guó)需要尊重古巴的共產(chǎn)主義秩序。兩國(guó)之間的分歧沖突可以追溯到冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期。

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KARL PENHAUL, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Why did U.S.- Cuba relations get so bad in the first place, highly controversial?

美國(guó)和古巴之間的關(guān)系一開始怎么就變成這樣了呢?

In the 1950s, Cuba was run by a dictator, and he wasn`t only backed by the United States, but he was also backed by the U.S. mafia. On the back of that then in 1959 we have a bunch of rebel fighters led by Fidel Castro and Che Guevara sweeping to power. And they over time moved well out of the orbit of U.S. influence and into the orbit of the Soviet Union. So, the fight between the U.S. and Cuba is really based against the backdrop of the Cold War between the world`s two superpowers: The United States and the Soviet Union. Now, in 1961, President Dwight Eisenhower, he decided enough is enough. We are going to break off diplomatic relations with Cuba. And that is what happened. Then later in 1961, I bet you`ve all heard of the Bay of Pigs, that is when the U.S. with a group of trained mercenaries by the CIA tried to invade Cuba. That failed. That was seen as a victory for the Cuba`s. Then pushed forward to 1962, the Cuba missile crisis, that`s when the Soviet Union started to put nukes on the island here pointing at the United States, and relations got so bad between the United States and Cuba it ran to push the whole world towards the brink of nuclear war.

早在1950年代，古巴被一個(gè)獨(dú)裁者統(tǒng)治著，而他不僅僅受到美國(guó)方面的支持，還受到美國(guó)黑手黨的支持。受背后力量的支持，在1959年被叛軍菲德爾卡斯特羅和切格瓦拉掌權(quán)。隨后他們從美國(guó)力量轉(zhuǎn)向蘇聯(lián)，所以說(shuō)美國(guó)和古巴之間的對(duì)立關(guān)系實(shí)則是美國(guó)與蘇聯(lián)之間的對(duì)抗。在1961年艾森豪威爾德懷特總統(tǒng)決定與古巴斷絕外交關(guān)系。我猜大家都應(yīng)該聽說(shuō)過(guò)1961年之后的豬灣事件，那是美國(guó)一支由CIA組織訓(xùn)練的雇傭軍隊(duì)試圖入侵古巴。行動(dòng)最終失敗。這對(duì)于古巴來(lái)說(shuō)是一次勝利，推動(dòng)了1962年的古巴導(dǎo)彈危機(jī)。蘇聯(lián)方面想要在古巴沿岸島嶼上部署導(dǎo)彈，而目標(biāo)直指美國(guó)，這一舉動(dòng)致使雙方關(guān)系徹底崩潰，推動(dòng)了整個(gè)世界走向核戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的邊緣。

JOHN F.KENNEDY: It shall be the policy of this nation to regard any nuclear missile launched from Cuba against any nation in the Western hemisphere as an attack by the Soviet Union on the United States.

這就是我們國(guó)家的政策，無(wú)論蘇聯(lián)指向西半球的任何一個(gè)國(guó)家都將被視為對(duì)美國(guó)的攻擊。

PENHAUL: That is just some examples about how things have gone so bad between the United States and Cuba over the years.

這僅僅是對(duì)于美國(guó)與古巴這么多年來(lái)關(guān)系僵局原因的一些說(shuō)法。