第七章 助動(dòng)詞與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 助動(dòng)詞be 與have

　　I.be作為助動(dòng)詞可以：

　　1.構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(be+現(xiàn)在分詞)

　　I am seeing a friend off.

　　我在給一個(gè)朋友送行。

　　She was telling us a story.

　　她在給我們講故事。

　　He will be leaving tomorrow.

　　他明天走。

　　What have you been doing these days?

　　這些時(shí)候你都在干什么?

　　2.構(gòu)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(be+過去分詞)：

　　These books were published last year.

　　這些書是去年山版的。

　　Rice is grown chiefly in the south.

　　水稻主要在南方種植。

　　The houses are being rebuilt.

　　這些房了正在重建。

　　The plan has been approved.

　　計(jì)劃業(yè)已批準(zhǔn)。

　　此外還可以和不定式構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)表示打算做或應(yīng)該做的事：

　　Where are we to meet?

　　我們?cè)谀睦锱鲱^?

　　Who is to pay?

　　誰(shuí)付錢?

　　You're to be back tonight.

　　你應(yīng)今晚回來。

　　The worst was still to come.

　　最糟糕的情況還在后頭。

　　II.have作為助動(dòng)詞可以：

　　1.構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)(have+過去分詞)：

　　What has happened?

　　出了什么事?

　　He told me Jane had left.

　　他告訴我簡(jiǎn)已經(jīng)走了。

　　She will have arrived by this time tomorrow.

　　明天這時(shí)她就會(huì)到了。

　　How long have you been there?

　　你在那里待了多久?

　　2.構(gòu)成完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(have+been+現(xiàn)在分詞)

　　We have been trying to contact you.

　　我們一直在想和你聯(lián)系。

　　She has been teaching there for thirty years.

　　她在那里任教達(dá)三十年。

　　That was the book he had been looking for.

　　這是他一直在找的書。

　　另外，have (got)to還可構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表示“不得不”：

　　We have (got) to be careful.

　　我們得小心。

　　You don't have to worry.

　　你不必憂慮。