專門替中國人寫的英語語法8-2：沒有助動詞的被動語氣

　　8-2 沒有助動詞的被動語氣

　　在這以前，我們的句子都是主動語氣，這種句子的基本形式如下：

　　主詞+動詞+受詞

　　所謂的被動語氣，乃是將原來的受詞變成主詞。舉例來說，主動語氣中，我們說〝我看到一些狗〞，在被動語氣中，我們說〝一些狗被我看到〞。在英文中，將主動語氣改成被動語氣，必須做以下的動作：

　　(1)原有受詞變成名詞

　　(2)動詞變成verb to be+過去分詞(past participle)

　　(3)原有主詞變成在動詞后面，但前面加by。

　　舉例來說，主動語氣的句子可以是I saw a cat.被動語氣就成了A cat was seen by me. 最重要的是，verb to be的時式必須和原句子的相同，以上的例子中，動詞是過去式，所以verb to be也是過去式。除此以外，verb to be也要配合新的主詞。請看以下的例子：

　　I saw two cats. 改成被動語氣以后，句子是Two cats were seen by me.

　　以下是主動改被動的例子，最重要的是注意verb to be的形式：

　　主動語氣(active voice)

　　Mr. Jones hit the dog.

　　My brother saw you yesterday.

　　He sent the book to me.

　　Dickens wrote those two novels.

　　They ate all of the apples.

　　Jane wrote that song.

　　My mother loves me.

　　被動語氣(passive voice)

　　The dog was hit by Mr. Jones.

　　You were seen by my brother yesterday.

　　The book was sent to me by him.

　　Those two novels were written by Dickens.

　　All of the apples were eaten by them.

　　That song was written by Jane.

　　I am loved by my mother.