百科知識視頻之煎蛋小學(xué)堂13 埃博拉病毒，怎么又是蝙蝠的錯(cuò)？

Nipah,Hendra,Ebola,Marburg,SARS,these are some of the world's scariest viruses,Hemorrhagic fevers like Ebola are extremely fatal,They kill up to 90% of people infected,While SARS,a corona virus,has a lower mortality rate,but spreads incredibly rapidly.

尼帕 亨德拉 埃博拉 馬爾堡 非典型肺炎，它們都是世界上最危險(xiǎn)的病毒。埃博拉病毒這類出血熱極其致命。它們會殺死高達(dá)90%的受感染者。盡管冠狀病毒SARS的致病率沒那么高，但它傳播得快。

All of these nasty pathogens have surfaced in humans in just the last 50 years.And they are all carried by bats,Which to be clear,really isn't bats'fault.The recent rise and outbreaks is likely due to humans and our animals creeping ever farther into bats' territory.especially in the tropics.

這些臭名昭著的病毒都是近50年內(nèi)出現(xiàn)在人類中的。而其攜帶者均為蝙蝠。澄清一點(diǎn) 這真不是蝙蝠的錯(cuò)。最近[疫情】上升和爆發(fā)很可能由于，我們和我們的牲畜過深地侵入蝙蝠棲息地，尤其在熱帶地區(qū)。

In Malaysia,for example,the spread of commercial pig farms into bat inhabited forest led to the first human outbreak via pigs of Nipah,And in Australia,human Hendra cases are cropping up as destruction of native forest,forces fruit bats to feed in suburban gardens.

例如 在馬來西亞 商業(yè)養(yǎng)豬場擴(kuò)散至蝙蝠棲息地的森林，造成尼帕病毒首次通過豬在人類中爆發(fā)。在澳大利亞 人類破壞原生森林 致使果蝠飛入郊區(qū)花園，使得亨德拉病毒浮出水面.

But still,bats do appear to carrying more human-killing diseases than pretty much any other animal.One big reason is that with a few notable exceptions,bats love company,Different kinds of bats often roost together in huge numbers and close quarters which helps viruses spread,not only between individuals,but also between species.

不過蝙蝠攜帶對人類致命病毒的數(shù)量的確超過絕大多數(shù)動物。一個(gè)主要原因是 除去特殊情況，蝙蝠喜歡群居，不同種蝙蝠會大量聚集在閉塞空間內(nèi)，使得病毒在個(gè)體及種群間廣泛傳播。

What's more,most infected bats don't die,It lives pretty normal bat lives,flapping around and giving the viruses time to spread.In fact,flight may be the reason bats are so resilient to infection.As a rule,mammals can't produce the immense amounts of energy needed for flight without also producing a lot of reactive waste products that damage our DNA.

另外 大多數(shù)受感染蝙蝠不會死亡。它仍活得好好的，四處飛行 讓病毒得以蔓延。其實(shí) 蝙蝠很可能因?yàn)轱w行而不易受感染。一般而言 哺乳動物無法在不產(chǎn)生損害DNA的副產(chǎn)物之情況下產(chǎn)生可供飛行需要的大量能量。

So when our bat cousins took to the air,they level up their in-flight DNA damage repair kits and other defenses,including specialize cells that keep viral invader in check.So bats can survive the deadly viruses,But what may matter even more for humans anyway is how the viruses survived bats.Nasty as they are,most viruses are also extremely finicky.

當(dāng)蝙蝠在空中飛行時(shí)，它們會增強(qiáng)飛行時(shí)DNA修復(fù)能力及其他防護(hù)措施，包括可以抑制入侵者的特殊細(xì)胞。這樣 蝙蝠就能百毒不侵。不過 對人類更重要的，是病毒如何在蝙蝠體內(nèi)生存。盡管病毒惡名遠(yuǎn)揚(yáng) 它們大多十分挑剔。

In order to thrive,they required a perfectly controlled climate inside a normal resting-on-the ground mammal,But when bats take to the air,their internal temperatures cruise to around 40℃.Those frequent in-flight saunas are far toasty for your average viruses.But a few hardy viruses have evolved to tolerate the heat.which incidentally means they can definitely weather a meager human fever.

為了生存 它們需要陸生哺乳動物體內(nèi)，這樣精確控制的溫度，而當(dāng)蝙蝠飛行時(shí) 其體溫將上升到40℃左右，一般病毒難以承受這種頻繁的“桑拿浴”，而少數(shù)堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的病毒則進(jìn)化得能承受這種熱度。也就是說 人體發(fā)燒的溫度對它們只是小菜一碟。

Essentially,flight may have helped bats gain virtual immunity to viruses and trained viruses to be virtually immune to us.Stupid flying.So,what should we land-lovers do?We need bats for insect control and pollination and a whole bunch of other things.Maybe we could even learn some immune tricks from them,like how to be really good at not getting cancer.

所以 飛行幫助蝙蝠產(chǎn)生病毒的免疫力，也讓病毒對我們“免疫”。飛泥煤啊，那么 對土地愛得深沉的我們該怎么辦?我們需要蝙蝠來控制昆蟲 傳播花粉等等。也許我們還能像向他們學(xué)習(xí)些免疫技巧，比如怎樣避免癌癥。

Plus,bats aren't the biggest carriers of human disease.Humans are,Just do the math!Perhaps we'd be better off leaving bats alone.and trying to control the spread of diseases carried by different kind of flying mammal.

另外 蝙蝠并不是人類病毒的最大攜帶者。人類才是 這還用說，也許 我們最好別再打擾蝙蝠，并控制另一種“飛行”哺乳動物所傳播的疾病。