百科知識視頻之煎蛋小學(xué)堂44 如何將聲音變成光 - “聲光現(xiàn)象”

The pistol and mantis shrimps are both crustaceans that snap their claws and perform magic.the jet of water squeezed out from between their claws travels at such speeds that it cavitates that is the liquid water under negative pressure is literally pulled apart into bubbles of water vapor.When the bubbles collapse in on themselves,they give off a loud"snap",and amazingly,a small flash of light.

鼓蝦和蝦蛄都是甲殼類動物 它們夾緊鉗子 表演魔術(shù)。兩鉗之間噴出一股急流 速度如此快 甚至打出了空穴 也就是說 處于負(fù)壓下的液態(tài)水 字面上說 被割裂成水蒸氣氣泡。當(dāng)氣泡向自身內(nèi)部塌陷時，它們發(fā)出“啪”的一聲 更驚人的是 還發(fā)出了一道光。

The shrimp use the sonic shock wave to stun or kill prey,but physicists are far more interested in the flash,because we still don't exactly know how it happens.Collapsing bubbles can also be created in a laboratory simply by using sound since sound,as we know,is basically just molecules repeatedly pushing aganist each other,and then pulling apart,if the sound waves are intense enough,the low pressure will again be low enough to pull the liquid apart into vapor and cause cavitation bubbles.The bubbles then collapse,and under certain circumstances,they produce light even brighter than the shrimp.

蝦用這種聲震蕩波來擊昏或者殺死獵物，但是物理學(xué)家對那道光的興趣更濃，因為我們?nèi)圆煌耆宄@是怎么發(fā)生的。在實(shí)驗室中 通過聲波也可以做出氣泡崩塌的效果 因為正如我們所知 從本質(zhì)上說聲音也只是分子不斷地相互推遠(yuǎn) 而后拉近對方，如果聲波足夠強(qiáng) 低壓會再次達(dá)到 最低要求 將液體拉成水蒸氣 制造出空穴氣泡。氣泡再次崩塌 并在一定的環(huán)境下，它們能產(chǎn)生比蝦蛄還要閃亮的光。

This phenomenon of turning sound into light is called"sonoluminescence,"We know that the light flashes are incredibly short lasting only about 100 picoseconds-and are surprisingly high energy,meaning the collapsing bubbles may be up to 10 times hotter than the surface of the sun.We don't know for sure,though,how the inside of the bubble gets that hot,or what exactly is giving off the light.

這種將聲音轉(zhuǎn)化成光的現(xiàn)象稱為“聲光現(xiàn)象”。我們知道 這么一道極光其短暫 持續(xù)時間僅100皮秒 同時又是如此地高能，意味著氣泡崩塌時的溫度比太陽表面高出至少10倍。但是 我們還不太確定，氣泡內(nèi)部是如何達(dá)到高溫的，以及是什么發(fā)出的這道光。

The bubble collapses so quickly that the gases inside are heated by compression,but the increased pressure might also cause water vapor in the bubble to rapidly condense back to a liquid,releasing large amounts of latent heat.And the flash itself might come from glowing red-hot Argon or Xenon gas in the air bubble,Or from heat tearing water vapor apart into hydroxide and hydrogen ions which then recombine and give off light,Or from then whole interior of the bubble getting hot enough to become a glowing plasma,OR it might be a combination the all above.

氣泡崩塌的極快 內(nèi)部的氣體受壓縮而被加熱，但是壓強(qiáng)上升又造成了氣泡內(nèi)部水分蒸發(fā) 而后再度壓縮成液態(tài) 釋放大量的潛伏熱。這道光可能是氣泡中熾熱的氬氣和氙氣燃燒的結(jié)果，或來源于將水蒸氣撕裂成氫氣和氫離子的熱能 之后氣體重新結(jié)合并發(fā)光，或者是由于整個氣泡內(nèi)部溫度足夠高 因而成為了發(fā)光的等離子體 或者是以上現(xiàn)象的共同結(jié)果。

Either way,the cool thing about sonoluminescence is that it's still not fully understood despite being fairly simple to create.I mean,you can buy a basic sonoluminescence kit off the Internet!Or just get a pet mantis shrimp.

無論怎樣 聲光現(xiàn)象酷酷的地方在于 它尚未被完全理解 但是制作起來卻十分簡單。我的意思是 你都可以在網(wǎng)上買一個聲光現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生套件!或者買只蝦蛄當(dāng)寵物。