百科知識視頻之煎蛋小學堂53 現(xiàn)代燈泡原理

Light bulbs used to be simple,just run a bunch of electrical current through a thin wire.until it heats up enough to start glowing,Bare filament electric lamps were first demonstrated around 1800 by Humphry Davy,and the glass bulb was added later,to keep oxygen away from the wire,so it could glow for a long time without actually burning up.

早期燈泡的原理十分簡單 把電流通過一段細金屬絲里 直到它熱到開始發(fā)光就行 1800年前后，漢弗里 戴維發(fā)明了一種燈絲裸露的燈泡 隨后玻璃燈管被整合進了設計 為燈絲隔絕氧氣 讓燈絲更耐用而不會很快燒化

So the incandescent light bulb is 19th century technology ,and by now there is a blinding array of electric lamps,halogen light bulbs,fluorescents,mercury and sodium vapor lamps,LEDs and so on.Each one makes its own clever use of physics to achieve the life goal of a light bulb:converting electrical current into visible light.

這么說來白熾燈泡其實是19世紀的技術 而現(xiàn)在，市場上可供選擇的燈泡琳瑯滿目 鹵素燈。熒光燈，水銀或鈉蒸汽燈，發(fā)光二極管等等 每一種都巧妙應用了物理原理 來完成電燈的任務：把電流轉化為可見光 .

Here's how they work:halogen bulbs have the same tungsten metal filament,as typical incandescent light bulbs,but they contain a little bit of halogen based gas in the bulb as well,The chemistry of the halogen gas,allows it to capture stray tungsten atoms that evaporate off the filament and shepherd them back to where they belong,which both prolongs the life of the filament,as well as keeps the insides of the bulbs clean and clear.

我們接下來說說它們的原理 鹵素燈和白熾燈一樣 有一根鎢制的金屬燈絲 但是它們的燈泡中還有一些鹵元素的氣體化合物 這些化合物的化學性質 使得他們可以捕捉從燈絲蒸發(fā)的鎢原子 再把它們重新附著在燈絲上 這樣既延長了燈絲的壽命 還能讓燈泡干凈透亮.

Fluorescent bulbs are basically gas-filled tubes,with electrodes as both ends,Electrical current flows one electrode to another,and when the electrons that make up the current bump into mercury atoms in the gas,the energy of the collision makes the atoms get"excited"that's the technical term,and the atoms then emit visible and ultraviolet light.

熒光燈本質上就是填充了氣體的管子 兩端接上電極 電流在兩個電極之間流動 當電流中的電子與氣體中的汞原子碰撞時 碰撞的能量讓原子“興奮”起來(激發(fā))術語就是這個?之后原子會發(fā)出可見光和紫外線.

The white coating on the inside of the glass,absorbs the ultraviolet light and re-emits it as more visible light,The process is called "fluorescence"and is the namesake of the bulb.Because the coating stops the UV light,it also keeps the bulb from giving you cancer,Unless that's what you want in which case you use a tanning bulb with a different kind of coating.

燈管內部的白色涂層 會吸收紫外線在放出更多的可見光 這個過程叫做“熒光” 熒光燈就是因此命名 因為燈管里的涂層吸收了紫外線 使用這種燈泡沒有致癌風險 如果你想做死的話 那你需要去照有另一種涂層的美黑燈

Vapor Lamps:Sodium, mercury and metal-halide vapor lamps,which are commonly used for lighting streets warehouse, gymnasiums and another large areas,are also tubes that run electrical current through a gas.The gas itself emits mainly visible light.so these bulbs don't need a fluorescent coating.

蒸氣燈：鈉，水銀或金屬鹵化物蒸汽燈 經常被用于馬路，倉庫，體育場和其他大型場地的照明 原理也是將電流通入充滿氣體的燈管中 填充的氣體主要發(fā)出可見光 所以這些燈泡不需要熒光涂層

Light Emitting Diodes(LEDs):Finally,LEDSs are also like fluorescent light bulbs,except replace the gas with a tiny crystal of semi-conducting gallium,and throw away the bulb,So not like fluorescent bulbs.

發(fā)光二極管:發(fā)光二極管跟熒光燈其實很像 只不過把氣體換成一小塊半導體晶體鎵 再把玻璃燈管扔掉 其實跟熒光燈不同的?

But seriously,the semiconductor has two layers,one of which provides excited electrons with lots of energy,while the other provides a place for the electrons to go and "relax",That IS the technical term,all you need is an electrical current to transport the electrons from the party side,to the SPA side,where they release the energy of their excitement as light,Viola! A light emitting diode!Perfect for human parties!

實際上，半導體由兩層組成 一層富含充滿能量的激發(fā)態(tài)(興奮)電子 另一層電子“放松”下來 這個也是術語來的(回到基態(tài)) 電流把激發(fā)態(tài)電子送到二極管的另一端 在這里電子由激發(fā)態(tài)躍遷回基態(tài)，能量以光子散發(fā)出來 鐺鐺!發(fā)光二極管!拿來給人類開派對再合適不過呢!