歷屆美國總統(tǒng)介紹:第20任總統(tǒng) 詹姆斯·加菲爾德
Fatherless at two, he later drove canal boat teams, somehow earning enough money for an James Garfield wasborn in Ohio, in 1831. Fatherless at two, he later drove canal boat teams, somehow earning enough money for an education. He graduated from Williams College in Massachusetts in 1856, and later returned to Ohio asa classics professor. Within a year he was made its president. He served 200 days as the 20th President ofthe United States before being assassinated in 1881.
1831年，詹姆斯·加菲爾德出生于俄亥俄州。兩歲失去了父親，之后他做了運(yùn)河船工，并半工半讀。1856年，他畢業(yè)于馬塞諸塞的威廉斯學(xué)院，之后返回俄亥俄州，并在學(xué)校擔(dān)任古典學(xué)教授。一年之內(nèi)將他任命為威廉斯學(xué)院校長。他曾是美國第20任總統(tǒng)，1881年，在他被殺之前，他一共任職200天。
Garfield was elected to the Ohio Senate in 1859 as a Republican. During the secession crisis, he argued for strengthening the Union. In 1862, when Union military victories had been few, he successfully led a brigade in Kentucky, against Confederate troops. Ohioans elected him to Congress. He repeatedly won re-election for 18 years (nine terms), and became the leading Republican in the House.
1859年，作為共和黨人，他被選舉為俄亥俄州參議院議員。在這次的脫離危機(jī)中，他敦促大家團(tuán)結(jié)一心。1862年，當(dāng)時(shí)聯(lián)合軍敗多勝少，加菲爾德領(lǐng)導(dǎo)部隊(duì)來到肯塔基州，并成功地打敗了南方聯(lián)盟軍。俄亥俄州人民選舉他進(jìn)入國會(huì)。并成功地連任，時(shí)長為18年(9任)，并成為了國會(huì)共和黨的領(lǐng)袖。
At the 1880 Republican Convention, Garfield became the "dark horse" nominee. In the Presidential election,Garfield defeated the Democratic nominee, Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock, by a margin of only 10,000 popular votes. As President, Garfield successfully managed a national debt crisis. He also appointed several African Americans to prominent positions in his administration.
在1880年共和黨大會(huì)上，加菲爾德成為了一匹“黑馬”。在總統(tǒng)選舉上，加菲爾德僅以1萬選票的優(yōu)勢打敗了民主黨的候選人，溫菲爾德·斯科特·漢考克將軍。作為總統(tǒng)，加菲爾德成功地幫助國家度過了債務(wù)危機(jī)。他還任命諸位非洲裔美國人來擔(dān)任行要職。
On July 2, 1881, President Garfield was on his way to Williams College, where he was due to make a speech.As he walked through a Washington railway station, he was shot twice by an assassin, Charles J. Guiteau and mortally wounded. He lay in the White House for weeks before dying from an infection and internal bleeding on September 19. He was 49. His final words were: "My work is done."
1881年7月2日，加菲爾德總統(tǒng)前往了威廉斯學(xué)院，他將在那里發(fā)表演講。當(dāng)他走向華盛頓火車站時(shí)，刺客，查理斯·J·吉托向他開了兩槍，加菲爾德身負(fù)重傷。他在白宮躺了數(shù)周的時(shí)間，最終于9月19日死于感染和內(nèi)出血。年僅49歲。他的遺言是：“我的工作完成了”。
本篇內(nèi)容翻譯來自可可英語網(wǎng)。
