英語美文名人勵(lì)志故事67:比爾.蓋茨在哈佛大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮上的演講

67. Bill Gates: Never Surrender to Complexity

67. 比爾·蓋茨：永遠(yuǎn)別向復(fù)雜低頭

If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.

就算我們真正發(fā)現(xiàn)了問題所在，也不過是邁出了第一步，接著還有第二步：那就是從復(fù)雜的事件中找到解決辦法。

Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If we have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "How can I help?" then we can get action---and we can make sure that none of the caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path of action for everyone who cares---and that makes it hard for their caring to matter.

如果我們要讓關(guān)心落到實(shí)處，我們就必須找到解決辦法。如果我們有一個(gè)清晰可靠的答案，那么當(dāng)任何組織和個(gè)人發(fā)出疑問“我能如何提供幫助?”的時(shí)候，我們就能采取行動(dòng)。我們就能夠保證不浪費(fèi)一丁點(diǎn)全世界人類對他人的關(guān)心。但是，世界的復(fù)雜性使得很難找到對全世界每一個(gè)有愛心的人都有效的行動(dòng)方法，因此人類對他人的關(guān)心往往很難產(chǎn)生實(shí)際效果。

Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four fredictable stages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest application of the technology that you already have---whether it's something sophisticated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bed net.

從這個(gè)復(fù)雜的世界中找到解決辦法，可以分為四個(gè)步驟：確定目標(biāo)，找到最高效的方法，發(fā)現(xiàn)適用于這個(gè)方法的新技術(shù)，同時(shí)最聰明地利用現(xiàn)有的技術(shù)，不管它是復(fù)雜的藥物，還是最簡單的蚊帳。

The AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology would be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single does. So governments, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is likely to take more than a decade, So in the meantime we have to work with what we have in hand---and the best prevention approach we have now is getting people to avoid risky behavior.

艾滋病就是一個(gè)例子。總的目標(biāo)，毫無疑問是消滅這種疾病。最高效的方法是預(yù)防。最理想的技術(shù)是發(fā)明一種疫苗，只要注射一次，就可以終生免疫。所以，政府、制藥公司、基金會(huì)應(yīng)該資助疫苗研究。但是，這項(xiàng)研究工作很可能十年之內(nèi)都無法完成。因此，與此同時(shí)，我們必須使用現(xiàn)有的技術(shù)，目前最有效的預(yù)防方法——就是設(shè)法讓人們避免那些危險(xiǎn)的行為。

本文中重難點(diǎn)詞匯解析：

complexity：n. 復(fù)雜，復(fù)雜性;復(fù)雜錯(cuò)綜的事物

例句：So how you do manage this complexity?
那么您如何管理這種復(fù)雜性呢?

determine：v. (使)下決心，(使)做出決定

例句：He determined to rescue his two countrymen.
他決心要援救他的兩位同胞。

essential：adj. 基本的;必要的;本質(zhì)的;精華的

例句：It was absolutely essential to separate crops from the areas that animals used as pasture.
把莊稼與牲畜的放牧區(qū)分開至關(guān)重要。

epidemic：n. 傳染病;流行病;風(fēng)尚等的流行

例句：A flu epidemic is sweeping through Moscow.
一場流感正席卷莫斯科。

vaccine：n. 疫苗;牛痘苗

例句：So what does the vaccine do?
那么這疫苗是如何生效的呢?