GRE填空官方指南例題解析2

　　例2. (OG Verbal Practice Set 3 Q5, Medium)

　　Statements presented as fact in a patent application are (i) ______ unless a good reason for doubt is found. The invention has only to be deemed “more likely than not” to work in order to receive initial approval. And, although thousands of patents are challenged in court for other reasons, no incentive exists for anyone to expend effort (ii) ______ the science of an erroneous patent. For this reason the endless stream of (iii) ______ devices will continue to yield occasional patent.

　　BLANK (i) BLANK (ii) BLANK (iii)

　　(A) presumed verifiable (D) corroborating (G) novel

　　(B) carefully scrutinized (E) advancing (H) bogus

　　(C) considered capricious (F) debunking (I) obsolete

　　KEY: AFH

　　(一) 節(jié)選出第一空所在部分

　　Statements presented as fact in a patent application are (i) ______ unless a good reason for doubt is found.

　　1.Blank1中應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)形容詞，描述statement被視為何物的狀態(tài)，而前后兩個(gè)半句間通過(guò)unless連接，表示相關(guān)句子間是反義關(guān)系。

　　2.后半句說(shuō)可以找到一個(gè)值得懷疑的理由，則前半句說(shuō)明沒(méi)有懷疑的理由，則根據(jù)“無(wú)罪推定”的背景知識(shí)，認(rèn)為沒(méi)有懷疑的必要，被認(rèn)為是真實(shí)的。選取fact的同義詞。

　　3.選擇與自主判讀已知的詞匯填空：

　　[1].presumed verifiable：被推定為可信的、真實(shí)的

　　[2].carefully scrutinized：仔細(xì)調(diào)查

　　[3].considered capricious：被認(rèn)為是變化無(wú)常的

　　(二) And, although thousands of patents are challenged in court for other reasons, no incentive exists for anyone to expend effort (ii) ______ the science of an erroneous patent.

　　1.And引導(dǎo)的表示繼續(xù)承接上文，“無(wú)罪推定”依舊適用。

　　2.Although表示兩個(gè)分句之間的是反義關(guān)系，前半句說(shuō)patents are challenged，則后半句應(yīng)該是不被challenge。

　　3.Blank2中應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞，構(gòu)成expend effort doing sth結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“費(fèi)力去做……”，動(dòng)作發(fā)出者是anyone，接受者是the science of an erroneous patent。

　　4.后半句話應(yīng)該是不被challenge的意思，由于no incentive exists表示否定，則應(yīng)該選取challenge的同義詞。

　　5.選擇與自主判讀已知的詞匯填空：

　　[1].corroborating：(證實(shí))to support with evidence or authority : make more certain

　　[2].advancing：(推進(jìn))to accelerate the growth or progress of

　　[3].debunking：(揭穿)to expose the sham or falseness of

　　(三) And, although thousands of patents are challenged in court for other reasons, no incentive exists for anyone to expend effort (ii) ______ the science of an erroneous patent. For this reason, the endless stream of (iii) ______ devices will continue to yield occasional patent.

　　1.For this reason表示對(duì)上文的繼續(xù)，即對(duì)于專(zhuān)利申請(qǐng)來(lái)說(shuō)，有時(shí)不僅僅是沒(méi)有人有足夠的理由去反駁的以外，還有的是因?yàn)闆](méi)有足夠的動(dòng)力去反駁它們，因而在現(xiàn)實(shí)中，對(duì)于有問(wèn)題的專(zhuān)利的調(diào)查是不夠的。

　　2.由于專(zhuān)利本身就有問(wèn)題，因而其最終的結(jié)果——產(chǎn)品，也是有問(wèn)題的，應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)負(fù)評(píng)價(jià)。

　　3.選擇與自主判讀已知的詞匯填空：

　　[1].novel：(新鮮事物)new and not resembling something formerly known or used

　　[2].bogus：(假冒產(chǎn)品)not genuine : COUNTERFEIT, SHAM

　　[3].obsolete：(過(guò)時(shí)貨)a : no longer in use or no longer useful;b : of a kind or style no longer current : OLD-FASHIONED

　　(四) 理解句意，看是否邏輯與語(yǔ)義契合：

　　在專(zhuān)利申請(qǐng)中被當(dāng)作事實(shí)依據(jù)而提出的陳述在沒(méi)有足夠理由去懷疑它們的時(shí)候往往被推定為是真實(shí)可信的。而此時(shí)這項(xiàng)發(fā)明實(shí)際上被認(rèn)為是“聊勝于無(wú)”而去申請(qǐng)最初的專(zhuān)利許可而用的。同時(shí)，即便是成千上萬(wàn)的專(zhuān)利因?yàn)槠渌蚨桓嫔戏ㄍサ那闆r下，沒(méi)有其他特別的刺激或激勵(lì)是任何人有意愿去證實(shí)一個(gè)存在錯(cuò)誤的專(zhuān)利背后的科學(xué)依據(jù)是錯(cuò)誤的。正因?yàn)槿绱?，才?huì)依然有不計(jì)其數(shù)的、存在著問(wèn)題的設(shè)備繼續(xù)在偶然中獲得專(zhuān)利許可。