英語聽力：告訴你一生必知的事23：戶口制漫談
"Hukou" is a resident permit given by the government of China. It is issued on family basis. Every family has a "hukou" booklet that records information about all the family members, including name, birth date, relationship with each other, marriage status(狀況), address and so on.
戶口是由中國政府授予居民的一種居住許可證，它以家庭為單位頒發(fā)。每個(gè)家庭都有一個(gè)戶口簿，里面記錄了家庭成員的名字、出生日期、相互之間的關(guān)系、婚姻狀況、家庭地址等諸如此類的信息。
The household registration system was set up in 1958 to serve four purposes: government welfare(福利) and resource distribution(分配), migration(遷移) control and criminal surveillance(監(jiān)管). Chinese citizens are assigned either a rural or an urban household "hukou" based on their place of residence. Local governments are responsible for providing everyone whose "hukou" is in its jurisdiction(權(quán)限) with basic services to satisfy his daily needs, such as education, housing and medical care.
這種家庭注冊制度建立于1958年，以配合政府福利及資源的分配、居民遷移控制以及犯罪監(jiān)管等政策。中國居民基于其所在地的不同，被分別賦予城市戶口或農(nóng)村戶口。當(dāng)?shù)卣胸?zé)任為其管轄范圍內(nèi)的戶口擁有者提供基本服務(wù)以滿足其在教育、住房以及醫(yī)療保障等方面的日常需要。
Although, now "hukou" is becoming less and less important, for most Chinese, it still stands for a sense of belonging. Therefore, a man who is working in a city without his "hukou" there will have a sense of floating. However, in recent years, since more and more people tend to pursue jobs in big cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai and the like, the "floa ters" is familiar to us. "Without ‘hukou', without house". Sometimes, they have to live on odd jobs and live in rented houses.
雖然戶口的重要性正在一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)被削弱，但是對于大多數(shù)中國人而言，戶口仍代表了一種歸屬感。因此，在一個(gè)不同于自己戶口所在地的地方工作將會使人產(chǎn)生一種漂浮感。然而近年來，由于越來越多的人趨向于到北京、上海等大城市工作，"漂一族"逐漸被大家所熟知。"沒有戶口，便沒有住房"，有時(shí)候，"漂一族"不得不打些零工，靠租房過日子。
注釋：
household adj. 家庭的
例句：She raged against her husband for some household affairs.
她為一些家庭瑣事對丈夫大發(fā)雷霆。
registration n. 登記
例句：Marriage without registration is not recognized by law.
法律不承認(rèn)未經(jīng)登記手續(xù)的婚姻。
pursue vt. 從事;追趕;
例句：Do you have the courage to pursue your dreams?
你有勇氣去追求你的夢想嗎?
