世界小史第113期:菲利普王

所屬教程:世界小史

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2019年01月26日

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　　This was the famous orator1 Demosthenes, whose fulminating speeches at the Assembly,這就是著名的雄辯家德摩斯梯尼，他在公民大會上發(fā)表呵斥的演說，in which he repeatedly warned people against King Philip's schemes, are known as "Philippics".

　　他在公民大會上發(fā)表呵斥的演說，一再痛斥菲利普王的圖謀，這些演說被稱為“痛斥國王菲利普的演說”。

　　But Greece was too divided to put up any real defense2.

　　但是希臘各城邦太不團結(jié)一致，未能全力進行抵抗。

　　At Chaeronea, in 338 BC, the Greeks, who hardly 100 years before had held their own against the gigantic Persian host, were defeated by King Philip and tiny Macedonia.

　　公元前338年在喀羅尼亞，菲利普王率領(lǐng)小小的馬其頓戰(zhàn)勝了100多年前能夠抗擊波斯大軍的希臘人。

　　So ended the freedom of the Greeks – not that it could be said that they had made good use of it lately.

　　希臘的自由一去不復返了——希臘人最后十分糟糕地使用了這一自由。

　　But it wasn't Philip's intention to enslave or plunder3 Greece.

　　不過菲利普卻根本不想奴役或掠奪希臘。

　　He had other ideas: he planned to create a great army made up of Greeks and Macedonians with which to invade and conquer Persia.

　　他完全另有打算：他要建立一支龐大的希臘和馬其頓的聯(lián)軍并率領(lǐng)這支聯(lián)軍向波斯挺進，占領(lǐng)波斯。

　　At the time of the Persian wars such a task would have proved impossible, but things had changed.

　　這樣的目標在波斯戰(zhàn)爭時期是不可能實現(xiàn)的，但情況變了。

　　The great kings of Persia were no longer able and ambitious like Darius or mighty4 like Xerxes.

　　這時的波斯國王們早就不再像大流士那樣精明能干或者像薛西斯那樣強大。

　　They had long given up ruling the country themselves and contented5 themselves with the money their satraps sent back from the provinces.