【BBC紀(jì)錄片】凡爾賽宮 第26期:沉重的過(guò)去注定導(dǎo)致悲劇

Louis had been called the King of France since he was five,

自5歲起路易就被稱(chēng)為法國(guó)國(guó)王

but others ran the country in his name.

但另有其人以他之名統(tǒng)治國(guó)家

On his 12th birthday, it was time for him to take his crown,

12歲生日時(shí) 他終于能夠接過(guò)王冠

and his place on the world stage.

登上世界的舞臺(tái)

The coronation of Louis XV was a moment of great hope,

路易十五的加冕儀式

and expectation for the French people.

為法國(guó)人民帶來(lái)了巨大希望

They'd had long years of war,

法國(guó)常年戰(zhàn)亂

and now the country was at peace,

現(xiàn)在終于迎來(lái)了和平

and it had a young king,

新王登基

in whom it was possible to invest every conceivable hope.

民眾將所有希望都寄托在他身上

So, they couldprojecttheir ambitions and expectations,

所以人們能將雄心與期望

for the new reign on this young, as yet, untested king.

寄予年輕而尚未經(jīng)受考驗(yàn)的新國(guó)王

But, there was a shadow over Louis's inheritance,

但路易十五的繼任陰影重重

cast not by an eclipse, but by a mountain of debt.

并非來(lái)自月食 而是堆積如山的債務(wù)

Despite all his success in war and diplomacy,

盡管路易十四能征善戰(zhàn) 精通外交

Louis XIV never managed to balance the books,

他卻不善經(jīng)營(yíng)國(guó)庫(kù)

or even pay for the building of his enormous palace.

甚至無(wú)法支付建造宮殿的花銷(xiāo)

Louis XIV, when he died, left France in absolutely dire straits.

路易十四駕崩前讓法國(guó)深陷困境

After a long war he, of course, left France,

常年戰(zhàn)亂后 他留給法國(guó)的

something like, 20-years revenue in debt,

是相當(dāng)于20年國(guó)庫(kù)稅收的債務(wù)

2 billion livres in debt, at least.

至少20億里弗

And this was going to be an absolutely massive problem.

這必定會(huì)帶來(lái)巨大危機(jī)

2 billion livres. That's 160 billion pounds in today's money.

20億里弗相當(dāng)于現(xiàn)代的1600億英鎊

But, before he could start work on that problem,

但在新王著手解決這個(gè)危機(jī)前

there was one other thing thatdemanded

他還需要立刻解決

the new King's immediate attention,

另一問(wèn)題

marriage.

那就是婚姻

一.project：n. 計(jì)劃，工程，項(xiàng)目，課題，專(zhuān)題研究，住房工程 v. 計(jì)劃，預(yù)計(jì)，設(shè)計(jì)，放映，投射，表達(dá)，突出，投擲

【詞義辨析】

plan, design, plot, scheme, project, blueprint,programme,

plan: 最普通常用詞，多指事先經(jīng)過(guò)較充分的準(zhǔn)備或考慮后制定的計(jì)劃，也可指非決定性的打算或設(shè)想。

design: 側(cè)重指按照目標(biāo)、目的意向，根據(jù)固定格式精心作出的計(jì)劃或安排。

plot: 主要指為實(shí)現(xiàn)某一陰謀而擬定秘密的計(jì)劃。

scheme: 普通用詞，比plan更強(qiáng)調(diào)計(jì)劃的通盤(pán)籌劃和某些細(xì)節(jié)的精心安排。在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，常用于指陰謀詭計(jì)。

project: 多指由個(gè)人或集體為進(jìn)行某項(xiàng)工作或完成某一項(xiàng)較大的任務(wù)，而制定的計(jì)劃方案或設(shè)想。

blueprint: 從本義藍(lán)圖，引申指詳細(xì)而具體的行動(dòng)計(jì)劃。

programme: 使用廣泛，既可指思想上的計(jì)劃，又可指任何形式的書(shū)面計(jì)劃或規(guī)劃。

【例句用法】

1.The project became so expensive that we had to pull out.

這個(gè)計(jì)劃耗資太大，我們只好退出。

2.The class are doing a project on the Roman occupation of Britain.

這個(gè)班在進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)關(guān)于古羅馬人占領(lǐng)不列顛的研究。

3.Their project to establish a new national park will be completed next year.

他們建造一個(gè)新的國(guó)家公園的工程將于明年完工。

4.He planted some flowers on the balcony that projects over the street.

他在那個(gè)伸出到街上的陽(yáng)臺(tái)上種了些花。

5.A missile was projected into space.

導(dǎo)彈被發(fā)射升空。

二.demand：n. 要求，需求 v. 要求，查問(wèn)，需要

【詞語(yǔ)用法】

demand作為名詞時(shí)后面可以跟介詞for，表示“需求”。

There is a great demand for apples.

注意demand作為及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后不跟介詞for。

They demands more helps.

demand后接that從句，從句應(yīng)該要用虛擬時(shí)態(tài)，用should或shall。

He makes the demand that he shall(should) leave the place immediately.

可 省略shall(should)，但決不可用leaves或left。

demand做動(dòng)詞時(shí)，不能把指被要求的人的詞如him，her做賓語(yǔ)。

I shall demand of him to answer.

句中of不能省略。

demand有時(shí)可解釋為“責(zé)問(wèn)”，而且語(yǔ)氣很重。

He demanded of her.

注意句中的of。

demand后通常跟不定式。

She demanded to see my book.

【錯(cuò)句舉例與錯(cuò)句分析】

錯(cuò)句：She demanded I stop seeing them.

糾正：She demanded that I should stop seeing them.

翻譯：她要求我停止見(jiàn)他們。

分析：demand后面一般跟that引導(dǎo)的從句，后接賓語(yǔ)。

【例句用法】

1.Good secretaries are always in demand.

好的秘書(shū)總是很多人都需要的。

2.Do you think the President will give in to the terrorists' demand?

你認(rèn)為總統(tǒng)會(huì)對(duì)恐怖分子的要求讓步嗎?

3.I demand an apology.

我要求道歉。

4.These developments have created a great demand for home computers.

這些發(fā)展促使家用電腦的需求量增大。

5.This work demands your immediate attention.

這件工作急需你立即處理。