異類之不一樣的成功啟示錄 第73期:貧困家庭的孩子更容易成功?

What was the difference between the As and the Cs? Terman ran through every conceivable explanation.

是什么造成A組和C組如此大的區(qū)別?特曼找了一切能想到的原因試圖解答這個(gè)疑問(wèn)。

He looked at their mental and physical health, their "masculinity-femininity scores," and their hobbies and vocational interests.

他調(diào)查了他們的身體和精神的健康狀況，他們的“男子氣或女子氣量記錄”，他們的業(yè)余愛(ài)好和職業(yè)興趣;

He compared what ages they started walking and talking and what their precise IQ scores were in elementary and high school.

他將他們開(kāi)始走路和說(shuō)話的年齡進(jìn)行比較，將他們?cè)谛W(xué)和中學(xué)時(shí)期的IQ精確值也進(jìn)行對(duì)照。

In the end, only one thing mattered: family background.

然而，他最終卻忽略了一個(gè)因素：家庭背景。

The As overwhelmingly came from the middle and the upper class.

A組中的人絕大部分來(lái)自中產(chǎn)階層或者上層家庭。

Their homes were filled with books.

他們的家里擺滿了書籍。

Half of the fathers of the A group had a college degree or beyond, at a time when a university education was a rarity.

A組中，有一半的人的父親擁有本科以上的學(xué)歷，在當(dāng)時(shí)，受過(guò)高等教育的人少之又少。

The Cs, on the other hand, were from the other side of the tracks.

相反，C組中的家庭完全是另外一番景象，

Almost a third of them had a parent who had dropped out of school before the eighth grade.

幾乎三分之一的人，他們的父母在八年級(jí)之前就輟學(xué)了。

At one point, Terman had his field workers go and visit everyone from the A and C groups and rate their personalities and manner.

特曼曾經(jīng)讓他手下的工作人員深入訪問(wèn)A組和C組的特曼人，評(píng)定這些人的性格和行為方式。

What they found is everything you would expect to find if you were comparing children raised in an atmosphere of concerted cultivation with children raised in an atmosphere of natural growth.

他們所發(fā)現(xiàn)的和你預(yù)想的沒(méi)多大出入，只要你讓那些生活在協(xié)同培養(yǎng)環(huán)境中的孩子與那些生活在自然成長(zhǎng)氛圍中的孩子進(jìn)行對(duì)比。

The As were judged to be much more alert, poised, attractive and well dressed.

A組的孩子被認(rèn)為更加機(jī)警、鎮(zhèn)定、富有魅力、穿著得體。

In fact, the scores on those four dimensions were so different as to make you think you are looking at two different species of humans.

事實(shí)上，如果你在兩個(gè)不同人種之間進(jìn)行比較，你也會(huì)得到類似的結(jié)論，不同人種在以上四個(gè)維度都會(huì)得到不同的評(píng)價(jià)。

You aren't, of course.

當(dāng)然，你不是在不同人種之間進(jìn)行對(duì)比。

You're simply seeing the difference between those schooled by their families to present their best face to the world, and those denied that experience.

你看到的差別，只不過(guò)是因?yàn)橛械募彝ソ逃麄兊暮⒆颖仨毾蚴廊苏宫F(xiàn)自己最好的風(fēng)貌，而有的家庭卻否認(rèn)這一點(diǎn)。

The Terman results are deeply distressing.

最后，特曼失望透頂。

Let's not forget how highly gifted the C group was.

別忘了，C組特曼人的天資曾是那樣聰慧。

If you had met them at five or six years of age, you would have been overwhelmed by their curiosity and mental agility and sparkle.

假如在他們還是五六歲的時(shí)候，你遇見(jiàn)了他們，你一定會(huì)被他們的好奇心、他們敏捷的思維和他們煥發(fā)的才華所折服。

They were true outliers.

他們確實(shí)卓爾不群。

The plain truth of the Terman's study, however, is that in the end almost none of the genius children from the lowest social and economic class ended up making a name for themselves.

但是特曼研究的最終結(jié)果，卻明白無(wú)誤地表明，幾乎一個(gè)來(lái)自底層社會(huì)或者貧困家庭的天才少年能夠聞名遐爾。