異類(lèi)之不一樣的成功啟示錄 第147期:以?xún)A聽(tīng)者為導(dǎo)向的國(guó)家文化

"Today, weather radar has helped us a lot," he says. Weather radar has helped us a lot?

“今天，氣候雷達(dá)對(duì)我們提供了很大幫助。”他說(shuō)。氣候雷達(dá)對(duì)我們提供了很大幫助？

A second hint from the flight deck. What the engineer means is just what the first officer meant.

這是機(jī)組人員所作的第二個(gè)暗示。飛行工程師所說(shuō)的正是副駕所提到的。

This isn't a night where you can rely on just your eyes to land a plane.Look at what the weather radar is telling us.There is trouble ahead.

“今天晚上不適合進(jìn)行目測(cè)著陸，天氣雷達(dá)的監(jiān)測(cè)告訴我們：前面有危險(xiǎn)。”

To western ears, it seems strange the flight engineer would bring this subject up just once.

在西方人聽(tīng)來(lái)，在這個(gè)時(shí)候談?wù)撨@個(gè)話題是件很奇怪的事。

Western communication has what linguists call a "transmitter orientation"—that is, it is considered the responsibility of the speaker to communicate ideas clearly and unambiguously.

語(yǔ)言學(xué)家稱(chēng)西方人的溝通為“以說(shuō)話人為導(dǎo)向”——這意味著清楚并準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)想法是說(shuō)話者的責(zé)任。

Even in the tragic case of the Air Florida crash, with a first officer never does more than a hint about the danger opposed by the ice, he stills hints four times, phrasing his comments four separate ways in an attempt to make his meaning clear.

盡管在佛羅里達(dá)墜機(jī)事件的悲劇中，副駕沒(méi)有直接講出被冰覆蓋是件危險(xiǎn)的事，但是他仍然暗示了四次，用四種不同的方式表達(dá)了他的意見(jiàn)，試圖清楚地表達(dá)出自己的看法。

He may have been constrained by the power distance between himself and the captain, but he was still operating within a western cultural context, which holds that if there is confusion, it is the fault of the speaker.

他可能受制于他與機(jī)長(zhǎng)之間的權(quán)利距離，但是他畢竟是處于西方文化環(huán)境中，因此如果發(fā)言會(huì)讓人誤解，那這就是說(shuō)話者的失誤。

But Korea, like many Asian countries, is receiver oriented. It's up to the listener to make sense of what is being said.

在韓國(guó)，像其他亞洲國(guó)家一樣，是以?xún)A聽(tīng)者為導(dǎo)向的國(guó)家文化，他們傾向于去傾聽(tīng)理解對(duì)方所說(shuō)的事物。

In the engineer's mind, he has said a lot.

在工程師眼里，他已經(jīng)說(shuō)得夠多了。

Ho-min Sohn gives the following conversation as an illustration, an exchange which's between an employee, Mr Kim, and his boss, a pision chief.

候名松提供了下面一段對(duì)話作為例子，這是發(fā)生在雇員金先生和他的老板，一位部門(mén)主管之間的一段對(duì)話：

Division chief: It's cold and I'm kind of hungry.What that means, Sohn sais is, why don't you buy a drink or something to eat?

主管：我感到又冷又餓。(意思：你為什么不給我買(mǎi)點(diǎn)喝的或是吃的？)

Mr. Kim: How about a glass of liquor?Meaning: I will buy liquor for you.

金先生：來(lái)杯飲料怎么樣？(意思：我給你買(mǎi)杯飲料。)

Division chief: It's ok. Don't bother. Meaning: I'd accept your offer if you repeat it.

主管：沒(méi)事，不要麻煩了。(意思：如果你堅(jiān)持的話我就接受了。)

Mr Kim: You must be hungry. How about going out? Meaning: I insist on treating you.

金先生：你一定是餓了，出去吃怎么樣？(意思：我堅(jiān)持請(qǐng)你。)

Division chief: Shall I do so? Meaning: I accept.

主管：有這個(gè)必要嗎？(意思：好吧。)