CATTI二級(jí)筆譯日常練習(xí)：群體免疫

CATTI是學(xué)英語(yǔ)人的一塊試金石，平時(shí)都覺得自己英語(yǔ)學(xué)的還行，試過CATTI就知道自己是什么水平了。這里還是建議大家實(shí)踐為主，因?yàn)榉g這種東西，經(jīng)驗(yàn)和技巧太重要了。下面是小編整理的關(guān)于CATTI二級(jí)筆譯日常練習(xí)：群體免疫的內(nèi)容，希望對(duì)你有所幫助！

　　“It is going to spread further and I must level with you, I must level with the British public: many more families are going to lose loved ones before their time.”

　　“疫情會(huì)繼續(xù)蔓延，我必須跟你說實(shí)話，必須跟英國(guó)民眾說實(shí)話：更多家庭將提早失去親人。”

　　1. it指the virus。

　　2. is going to spread further也可以說continues to spread.

　　3. level with sb表示對(duì)某人說實(shí)話，如：

　　I'll level with you. I'm no great detective. I've no training or anything.

　　實(shí)話告訴你吧，我根本不是什么大偵探。我沒有受過任何訓(xùn)練。

　　level with sb和to tell you the truth還是有區(qū)別的，To tell you the truth更多是在表明說話人的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)和看法，通常翻譯為“實(shí)說實(shí)說，坦白說”，如：

　　To tell you the truth, I was afraid to see him

　　坦白說，我害怕見他。

　　4. many more families are going to lose loved ones before their time中的before their time是固定表達(dá)，表示提早，其中their指的是loved ones，而不是families。

　　“他英年早逝”可以翻譯為He died young，也可以翻譯為He died before his time.　　02

　　“群體免疫”是什么?

　　聽到約翰遜的這些話，我想英國(guó)民眾內(nèi)心是很失望的，政府不積極采取措施，反而在13日的新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上英國(guó)首相約翰遜拋出了“群體免疫”(herd immunity)策略。

　　衛(wèi)報(bào)上是這么說“群體免疫”的：

　　Herd immunity is a phrase normally used when large numbers of children have been vaccinated against a disease like measles, reducing the chances that others will get it.

　　參考譯文：

　　“群體免疫”的概念通常被用于防控麻疹等傳染性疾病上，如通過大面積(尤指兒童)接種麻疹等疫苗，降低其他人的患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

　　1. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這句話的句子主干是Herd immunity is a phrase;normally used when …是后置定語(yǔ)修飾phase，省略了which is;其中reducing …是現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，指的是“l(fā)arge numbers of children have been vaccinated against a disease like measles”的結(jié)果。

　　2. 同義詞替換：normally used when表示“通常被用于”，也可以說typically used when，usually used when。

　　2. 固定表達(dá)：be vaccinated against …是一個(gè)固定表達(dá)，表示“接種……疫苗”。比如世衛(wèi)組織官網(wǎng)上的這句話：

　　A vaccination team marks a family's door, indicating that the house was visited and the children have been vaccinated against polio.

　　一個(gè)計(jì)劃免疫小分隊(duì)在某一住戶的門上作標(biāo)記，表示已走訪過該住戶，并為兒童接種了脊灰疫苗。

　　原文的have been vaccinated against a disease like measles翻譯為“接種麻疹等疫苗”。

　　3. 同義詞替換：reducing the chances that當(dāng)作固定表達(dá)來(lái)記，意思是“降低……的可能性/幾率”。其中chances表示“可能性;幾率”。

　　reduce也可以替換為lower。一般用法是跟從句，或reduce the chances of sth/doing sth/sb doing sth，。如金融時(shí)報(bào)例句：

　　This lowers the chances of them contracting disease, thus heading off its contagious consequence.

　　這會(huì)降低他們感染疾病的幾率，從而防止其感染。

　　如果the chances of后面跟的是好的可能性和幾率，“降低”也可以說hurt或damage。如《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》例句：

　　A poorly-written email along with a job application can damage your chances of landing the job.

　　找工作時(shí)，一封寫的很糟糕的郵件會(huì)降低你得到工作的幾率。

　　Land a job是固定表達(dá)，表示得到工作、找到工作。

　　4. get it中的it指代前面的disease，reducing the chances that others will get it即“降低其他人的患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”。

　　5. 同義詞替換：others will get it中的get表示感染某種病，也可以說contract/catch the virus/illness，也可以說become infected.

　　其實(shí)直白點(diǎn)，也就是說：

　　Because the vast majority of people get a mild illness, to build up some kind of herd immunity so more people are immune to this disease and we reduce the transmission.

　　03

　　什么是“群體免疫”策略?

　　率先拋出“群體免疫”理論的是英國(guó)首席科學(xué)顧問帕特里克·瓦蘭斯。13日在接受英國(guó)天空電視臺(tái)采訪時(shí)，帕特里克表示，約60%的英國(guó)人將感染新冠病毒，以使社會(huì)對(duì)未來(lái)的疫情具有“群體免疫”：

　　Sir Patrick Vallance said around 60 percent of the population will need to catch the virus to build up a national tolerance strong enough to stop the virus circulating.

　　這句中，build up a national tolerance是獲得群體免疫，也可以說build herd immunity，build up a collective immunity，build up a long-term, society-wide resistance to the disease，develop herd immunity，become immune，舉幾個(gè)例子：

　　At the heart of that outcry: a policy to push for "herd immunity" to the virus, which would involve allowing at least 40 million Britons to become infected in the hopes of building up a long-term, society-wide resistance to the disease.

　　Sir Patrick Vallance said around 60 percent of the population will need tocatch the virus to build up a national tolerance strong enough to stop the virus circulating.

　　這句話中build up a national tolerance也是“實(shí)現(xiàn)群體免疫”的另一種表達(dá)。tolerance這個(gè)詞可以表示“耐受性;耐藥性”。如：

　　As with any drug taken in excess, your body can build up a tolerance to it.

　　和過量服用任何其他藥物一樣，身體會(huì)對(duì)它產(chǎn)生耐藥性。

　　據(jù)BBC報(bào)道，有不少評(píng)論認(rèn)為政府的延緩戰(zhàn)略建立在“群體免疫”原則上，即讓數(shù)量眾多的人接觸病毒從而獲得群體免疫，將有限的醫(yī)療資源用于重癥患者的救治。

　　衛(wèi)報(bào)原文：

　　To reach herd immunity, about 60% of the population would need toget ill and become immune, according to Sir Patrick Vallance, the government’s chief scientific adviser.

　　參考譯文：

　　英國(guó)首席科學(xué)顧問帕特里克·瓦蘭斯爵士(Sir Patrick Vallance)指出，要實(shí)現(xiàn)群體免疫，需要約60%英國(guó)人感染新冠病毒并產(chǎn)生抗體。

以上就是小編整理的關(guān)于CATTI二級(jí)筆譯日常練習(xí)：群體免疫的內(nèi)容，大家切記要經(jīng)常動(dòng)手翻譯，堅(jiān)持一段時(shí)間，一定會(huì)獲益頗豐！