CATTI二級(jí)筆譯日常練習(xí)：春節(jié)

CATTI是學(xué)英語(yǔ)人的一塊試金石，平時(shí)都覺(jué)得自己英語(yǔ)學(xué)的還行，試過(guò)CATTI就知道自己是什么水平了。這里還是建議大家實(shí)踐為主，因?yàn)榉g這種東西，經(jīng)驗(yàn)和技巧太重要了。下面是小編整理的關(guān)于CATTI二級(jí)筆譯日常練習(xí)：春節(jié)的內(nèi)容，希望對(duì)你有所幫助！

　　春節(jié)

　　農(nóng)歷正月初一是我國(guó)漢族以及其他一些少數(shù)民族最為隆重的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日——春節(jié)。自從漢武帝以來(lái)(公元前140年)，中華民族一直都將春節(jié)視為最喜慶的日子。每逢大年初一，孩子們紛紛走上街頭放鞭炮，就連大人們也高高興興地在爆竹聲中辭舊迎新。北宋詩(shī)人王安石曾賦詩(shī)：“爆竹聲中一歲除，春風(fēng)送暖入屠蘇。千門萬(wàn)戶瞳瞳日，總把新桃換舊符?！彼脑?shī)生動(dòng)地描繪了人們迎佳節(jié)時(shí)喜悅的氣氛。

　　其實(shí)，春節(jié)還未來(lái)到，人們就忙碌了起來(lái)，各戶全家老少齊上陣，粉墻的粉墻，洗被褥的洗被褥，準(zhǔn)備“面貌一新迎新年”。有許多家庭還蒸豆沙包以及菜包子，不但自己受用，還招待親朋好友。每一家都必須“年購(gòu)”，貯存大量的美味食品在家中，否則一到春節(jié)就“慘”了，因?yàn)樯痰暝诠?jié)日期間會(huì)店門緊閉，老板及營(yíng)業(yè)員們都回各自家中同親人們一起過(guò)節(jié)了。

　　貼年畫也是春節(jié)必不可少的一種活動(dòng)。年畫的內(nèi)容非常豐富，有祝福招財(cái)?shù)模绠嬕煌討牙锉е獙?，或者騎在大鯉魚身上;也有除禍降福的，如在門板上貼的勇士像等。南朝的時(shí)候各家各戶都在門上貼神荼、郁壘兩兄弟的畫像，傳說(shuō)他們能除妖伏怪，給人帶來(lái)吉祥。到了唐朝，人們把自己最崇拜的秦叔寶、尉遲敬德兩位大將的畫像請(qǐng)到了門上。直至今日，我國(guó)的許多地區(qū)仍將這兩位勇士敬若神明，每逢春節(jié)都張貼他們的像以增加吉祥的氣氛。有相當(dāng)一部分地區(qū)，特別是在鄉(xiāng)村，喜歡把鐘馗的畫像帖于門首驅(qū)邪招福。鐘馗一生剛正不阿，專門與惡鬼作對(duì)，死后玉皇大帝封他為“斬祟將軍”，帶領(lǐng)三千神兵天將捕鬼殺怪，在民間享有很高的聲譽(yù)。

　　舊歲的最后一天叫“大年三十”，因“除舊歲”而得名“除夕”。除夕之夜，全家人圍坐在一起說(shuō)閑話。在外地工作的親人趕回來(lái)與家人團(tuán)聚，大伙兒邊聊邊飲茶，同時(shí)還嗑瓜子、吃油炸馓子等小食品?，F(xiàn)在的除夕之夜，從晚八時(shí)到夜里十二時(shí)，各家都以看春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會(huì)為主要活動(dòng)，邊看邊嘮家常，其樂(lè)融融。許多家庭閑聊時(shí)還不忘包餃子，除過(guò)先吃一部分之外，其余的要留到大年初一吃。當(dāng)然，春節(jié)可不是光吃點(diǎn)餃子就算完啦，好吃的東西多著呢，如糖糕、湯圓、棗饃等。孩子們一見(jiàn)好吃的應(yīng)有盡有，就拼命地飽口福，吃壞腸胃的可大有人在。有的人家在除夕之夜便給小輩們發(fā)壓歲錢，有的則等到初一再發(fā)。孩子們盼過(guò)年，其中有一個(gè)目的就是能拿到數(shù)目不小的壓歲錢，差不多所有的孩子都可以發(fā)一筆小財(cái)。

　　大年初一天不亮，爆竹聲便響成了一片，噼噼啪啪似炒豆一般。父母為孩子們煮好餃子，讓他們美美吃一頓。小家伙們吃完一抹嘴，便箭一般沖出去了。小朋友們聚集在大街上點(diǎn)各種各樣的“炮”，有的叫“沖天響”“滾地雷”，有的叫“天女散花”“紅衣騎士”，等等等等，名堂多得很。大人們則走東家訪西家地“拜年”。單位的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)此時(shí)體現(xiàn)出“與民同樂(lè)”的風(fēng)范，到部屬的家里說(shuō)些“春節(jié)快樂(lè)”“恭喜發(fā)財(cái)”類的祝福話語(yǔ)。

　　拜年的習(xí)俗古來(lái)有之。傳說(shuō)在很久以前有一種“年”的怪獸，每逢臘月三十便沖下山來(lái)，張著血盆大口尋人吃。驚恐的人們便把各種肉食放在門口請(qǐng)它吃，而他們自己閉門躲在家中。第二天人們打開(kāi)房門，相互慶賀未被“年”吃掉。后來(lái)，人們拜年不僅說(shuō)些祝福的話，還互贈(zèng)賀年卡，卡片上或印著精美的圖畫，或?qū)懶┚悦罹洹?/p>

　　人們?cè)跉g度春節(jié)的時(shí)候，也不會(huì)忘記已經(jīng)亡故的親人。他們會(huì)為亡親敬一盅酒，或燃香祈求上天賜福給陰間的親人。有的人家會(huì)結(jié)伴到亡親的墳地去，在墳頭供棗饃、油糕之類的東西。如今提倡火葬，人們則到存放亡親骨灰的地方祭奠他們，同時(shí)給亡親的長(zhǎng)眠之地帶去了節(jié)日的喜慶氣氛。

　　我國(guó)的南方和北方都有“舞獅”賀春節(jié)的習(xí)俗，在形式及內(nèi)容上大同小異。在鄉(xiāng)下，村與村之間常舉行舞獅比賽;在城市，社區(qū)與社區(qū)也接陣對(duì)壘。一只“獅子”通常由兩人舞，一人舞獅頭，另一人舞獅身。舞獅頭者獅關(guān)鍵人物，必須眼明手快、反應(yīng)敏捷，一般都是由幼童培養(yǎng)起來(lái)的。比賽時(shí)，兩只獅子(通常代表兩個(gè)團(tuán)體)在一片鑼鼓聲中翩翩起舞。張開(kāi)大口爭(zhēng)奪一只巨型繡球。舞獅人身著戲裝，上下翻騰，龍騰虎躍，好不雄健!好不威風(fēng)!充分表現(xiàn)出了中華民族旺盛的生命力和不屈不撓的奮斗精神。舞獅頭的人往往要亮出幾個(gè)危險(xiǎn)的高難度動(dòng)作，如一躍跳到疊架起的桌椅上，贏得觀眾陣陣的掌聲。

　　一些地區(qū)盛行“舞龍”的習(xí)俗，這和舞獅一樣，也是慶賀新春的重要活動(dòng)。舞龍需要若干人參與，一人舞龍頭，其余人則是“龍身”。巨龍時(shí)而昂首闊步，時(shí)而張牙舞爪、搖頭擺尾，贏得旁觀人群的高聲喝彩。人們的心隨著巨龍翻騰的身體起伏，對(duì)舞龍人高超的技藝感到由衷地佩服。最為壯觀的是夜間舞龍，巨龍的兩只眼睛通常用手電筒充當(dāng)，顯得“目光炯炯”。一道道手電光刺破夜空，使人會(huì)聯(lián)想到巨龍與怪獸搏斗的場(chǎng)景，不由熱血沸騰，仿佛自己也加入到了與惡勢(shì)力的酣戰(zhàn)之中。

　　正月十五的元宵節(jié)在有的地方被稱為“小年”，雖說(shuō)比不得初一和初二那幾日氣氛隆重，卻也熱鬧非 凡。許多店鋪以及小商販們把形形色色的燈籠掛出來(lái)展銷，其外形有“哪吒鬧海”“孫悟空”“豬八戒”和“沙僧”，也有“豬”“貓”“狗”“兔”等小動(dòng)物。燈籠內(nèi)置一蠟燭，在夜間閃閃爍爍，把“豬八戒”們、“狗”們照得通體發(fā)亮，煞是好看。在燭光的照耀下，有舞獅的、有舞龍的，有搖旱船和踩高蹺的，組成了一幅幅美輪美奐的畫面。無(wú)論白天還是黑夜，公園里都人山人海，游園的人們邊品嘗小路邊攤點(diǎn)銷售的各種小吃，邊玩游戲，如拋圈和射擊等。孩子們興奮地在人群中竄來(lái)跑去，呼兄喊弟，還不時(shí)停下來(lái)用壓歲錢買一些自己喜歡的小玩意兒。

　　元宵節(jié)“鬧燈”是從唐朝傳下來(lái)的習(xí)俗。一入夜，人們紛紛手提燈籠走出家門，一盞盞燈匯集成了燈的海洋。古時(shí)候都是官府出資將街道裝點(diǎn)得煥然一新，到處一片“火樹(shù)銀花”。唐睿宗時(shí)，長(zhǎng)安的皇宮外慶賀元宵節(jié)，曾架起一座高二十丈的燈山，上面鑲嵌著五顏六色的彩帶以及各種小飾物，還懸掛了五萬(wàn)盞彩燈。百姓們結(jié)伴賞燈，觀看放焰火和精彩的雜耍表演。到了宋代，民間還添了猜字謎的游戲。出字謎的人把謎語(yǔ)寫在細(xì)長(zhǎng)的紙條上，再將紙條貼在燈籠的下端，猜中的人可領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一些小禮品。明代的元宵節(jié)更熱鬧，戲曲演員們走上街頭獻(xiàn)藝，給人們帶來(lái)藝術(shù)的享受和歡聲笑語(yǔ)。

　　元宵節(jié)的主食是“元宵”，或稱“湯圓”，是一種糯米做成的帶餡球狀食物。南北方的元宵基本都差不多，有黑芝麻餡的、白糖餡的以及山楂餡的等;南方人還喜歡吃肉餡的元宵。現(xiàn)在的元宵種類豐富，里面裹的餡千變?nèi)f化，適合于各種口味的食客。

　　元宵節(jié)期間，人們開(kāi)始了新一輪的“訪親拜友熱”。幾天過(guò)后，熱潮消退，人們就徹底收心了，開(kāi)始專心致志地工作。

　　The Spring Festival

　　The first day of the first month in Chinese lunar calendar is Spring Festival, the most important traditional festival, celebrated by Han people and some ethnic minorities in China. Ever since the Emperor Wu’s Reign of Han Dynasty (140 BC) the festival has been regarded as the happiest day. When that day comes, children will set off firecrackers in streets. Even the adults like to bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new. Wang Anshi, a well-known poet of North Song Dynasty, wrote the following verses to vividly portray the joyful atmosphere in the celebration:

　　Firecrackers are sending the old year away;

　　People are toasting in warm spring breeze.

　　All the families are bathed in bright sunlight;

　　Old couplets are changed with new ones.

　　Actually, people start to be busy even before Spring Festival comes. They, old and young, whitewash walls and wash the sheets, expecting to greet the new year with everything fresh and clean. Families prepare red bean buns and vegetable buns, not for themselves only, but also for visitors. They all go shopping and keep in storage a lot of delicious food in the home. Or they’ll have a “miserable” Spring Festival as shops are closed then, and the bosses and the assistants will go home to celebrate the festival with their dear ones.

　　One of the necessary activities during the Spring Festival is to post pictures including the blessing and fortune making types, like a child holding a shoe-shaped gold ingot in his arms or riding on a huge carp, and also including the disaster dispelling or good-luck fetching types, like warrior pictures on the gates and so on. Shen Shu and Yu Lu were brothers who had the power to kill monsters and conquer ghosts as the legend told. So all the households liked to post their pictures on the gates for luck and happiness in Nan Dynasty. In Tang Dynasty, Qin Shubao and Yuchi Jinde were the two most respectable generals among people, and so their pictures were posted on the gates. Even today the generals are still worshiped as gods in many areas of China and their pictures are posted in Spring Festivals to bring auspicious air. In some districts, especially in rural areas, people post Zhong Kui’s pictures on gates to dispel evils and fetch good luck, as it is said, and was appointed “ghost-killer general” by God of all gods after his death, leading 3,000 immortal soldiers to kill monsters and ghosts, enjoying a high fame among people.

　　The last day of the old year, Daniansanshi in Chinese, is called Farewell Day, as the old year is sent away this day. On the night of this day (Eve of lunar New Year), the family members sit together, chatting, sipping tea, cracking melon or sunflower seeds, eating fried dough twists and other snack foods. People, who work in other parts of the country, will come back to join their families. Their major activity on the eve now is to watch Spring Festival Galas, which usually last from 8 to 12 at night. While watching, chatting, they enjoy themselves very much. Many families make dumplings then, eating some, keeping the rest for the next day. Of course, people eat not only dumplings, but also varieties of refreshments in Spring Festival, such as candy cakes, sweet soup balls, jujube buns and so on. Children will eat as much as they can at sight of so many delicious things, and some will spoil their stomachs with too much eating. Money is handed out to the young as lucky gifts either on the eve or on New Year’s Day. It is one of the reasons that children long for Spring Festivals as they can make a small fortune out of the sizable sums of gift money which almost all children might get.

　　Even before the dawn of New Year’s Day comes, firecrackers crack everywhere, as noisily as bean frying. Parents boil dumplings for their kids, who will clean their mouths and dash out when having eaten enough. The little ones gather in streets, setting off all kinds of firecrackers, named Rockets, Rolling Mines, Fairy Scattering Flowers, Knights in Red and so on. There are so many of them! The adults, however, are busy paying New Year calls from door to door. Leaders of companies will carry on the tradition of “enjoying with the mass”, paying visits to his men, saying blessing words, like “happy Spring Festival” and “wishing you prosperity”.

　　The custom of paying New Year’s visits comes from ancient times. As the legend goes that there was a monster called Nian, who would come out of the mountains in search of people for food. People were so scared that they put meat at door for the monster, and they themselves hid in houses. The next day they’d open the doors and congratulate each other on being alive. Later they’d not only say blessing words when they paid visits, but also change New Year’s cards printed with beautiful pictures or smart words.

　　When celebrating Spring Festivals, people never forget their dead dear ones. They’ll toast for their wealth, or burn incenses, praying that god might bless their dead in nether world. Some families will go to the tombs of their dead, and place jujube buns and fried cakes before the tombs as tributes. Nowadays cremation is encouraged, people will hold memorial ceremonies in places where ashes of their dead are kept, bringing joyful air of the festival to their eternal resting place.

　　Lion Dancing is also a custom prevailing in the south and the north of the country. All those dancings are very much the same in forms and contents. Villages in rural areas compete with each other to be the best in Lion Dancing, and communities in the cities also fight for the honor. Two men form a “l(fā)ion”, one acting as the “head”, and the other the “body”. The one as “head” is the key figure, who, trained in early childhood, is usually agile and fast. In competition, two lions, representing two sides, dance energetically in accompaniment of gongs and drums, struggling to snatch a huge silk ball with widely-opened mouths. The players in stage costumes jump and leap, bend and rise, displaying great vitality and vigor. The dancing fully shows the exuberant strength and the indomitable struggle spirit of Chinese nation. The “l(fā)ion head” is supposed to present a few dangerous moves, such as jumping on piles of chairs and tables, just to win warm applause of the audience.

　　In some districts prevails the custom of Dragon Dancing, which, like Lion Dancing, is also one of the important activities to greet the coming spring. A few men form a “dragon’, one acting as the “head”, and the rest the “body”. The gigantic dragon strides proudly ahead, making threatening gestures, assuming an air of complacency, winning loud applauses of the audience from time to time. Spectators’ hearts will tremble as the huge dragon trembles, and they really admire the dragon players for their super skills. Dragon Dancing at night is a spectacular sight. The two eyes of the huge dragon, usually two electric torches in fact, are eyes with piercing gleam, shooting lights through the dark sky, reminding people of its fight with a monster. Spectators’ blood surges, as if they themselves joined the fight with evil forces.

　　The Lantern Festival in the 15th day of the new lunar year, known as Minor Spring Festival in some areas, is celebrated in boisterous atmosphere, though it is not as important as the first day or second day of the new lunar year. Shops and peddlers put out colorful lanterns on show, lanterns in forms of Na Zha’s Adventure in East Sea, Monkey King, Pigsy, Sha Wujing, pigs, cats, dogs, rabbits and other small animals. Candles are placed inside lanterns, twinkling at night, and the Pigsys and dogs all shine brightly, a beautiful scene to see. Lion Dancing, Dragon Dancing, Land Boat Rowing and Stilt Walking in the candlelight present splendid pictures. There is a sea of people in parks to celebrate, buying all kinds of delicious things for a taste at booths and stalls, playing games, like casting circles and shooting…Excited, children run to and fro in the crowds, shouting loudly, stopping to buy with their gift money baubles at times, which strike their fancy.

　　The custom of Lantern Festival Celebration comes from Tang Dynasty. At night, people step out of their houses with lanterns, and all the lanterns with their bright lights form magnificent sights. In ancient times, lanes and streets were decorated with official money, when fireworks and lanterns were everywhere to be seen. During Emperor Ruizong’s Reign in Tang Dynasty, there just outside the royal palace in Changan, the capital then, was built up a mountain of lanterns to celebrate the festival, nearly 70 meters high, decorated with colorful ribbons, trimmings and 50,000 lanterns. People would go in pairs or groups, to watch lantern shows, fireworks displays and acrobatic feats. In Song Dynasty, Crossword Guessing was added to the programs of celebration. Crossword puzzles written on scrolls were glued to the lower parts of lanterns, and the winners of the guessing work could get a few small gifts. The Lantern Festival became more lively in Ming Dynasty. Opera actors then would offer performances in streets, bringing people artistic entertainment and laughter.

　　During Lantern Festival, people mainly eat yuanxiao (or called sweet soup balls) which are glutinous rice balls with various kinds of stuffing, like black sesames, sugar, haws and so on. They are much the same both in the south and the north. The southerners also like rice balls stuffed with meat. Nowadays the balls vary with all different types of stuffing, to be suitable for various tastes.

　　During Lantern Festival, a new heat of visiting occurs, which, however, lasts only a few days. When it is over, people will thoroughly concentrate on their work.

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