詞義空缺與翻譯策略（3）

　　加注法就是通過注釋的形式在譯文中補(bǔ)充必要的文化背景知識(shí)，以彌補(bǔ)漢英文化的差異，幫助譯文讀者更好地理解這些具有特殊文化色彩的詞語。例如《漢英大詞典》中的“八卦”這一詞條，在直譯為the Eight Trigrams之后，還加上了適當(dāng)?shù)淖⒔猓篹ight combinations of three lines – all solid, all broken, or a combination of solid and broken lines – joined in pairs to form 64 hexagrams, formerly used in divination。加上這一注釋之后，“八卦”的文化內(nèi)涵一清二楚，確保了譯文讀者對(duì)詞語的透徹理解。又如“八股文”這一中國傳統(tǒng)文化特有的事物也可用直譯加注法譯為eight-part essay (a literary composition prescribed for the imperial civil service examinations, known for its rigidity of form and poverty of ideas)，“滿月酒”可譯為One-Month-Old Birthday Feast (a special ceremony held after a baby has been one month old)，“龍虎斗”可譯為Dragon and Tiger Fight (a traditional dish in Canton cuisine including meat of snake, resembling dragon, and cat or leopard, resembling tiger, well-known for its medical function of relieving rheumatism, promoting blood circulation, repelling ailment, and reinforcing body fluid)，“西岳”可譯為the Western Mountain (another name for Mount Huashan in Shaanxi Province)，“白軍”可譯為the White Army (the reactionary bourgeois troops, in China referring to the Kuomintang army during the Second Revolutionary Civil War, 1927-1937)，“紅案”可譯為red board (cooking that deals with dishes, both meat and vegetable)。

　　除了與直譯法相結(jié)合外，加注法還可作為音譯法、意譯法的補(bǔ)充，為譯文讀者提供更為詳盡的詞語文化內(nèi)涵，促進(jìn)東西方文化之間的交流。例如：“圍棋”weiqi (a game played with black and white pieces on a board of 361 crosses)、“散手”Sanshou (Chinese boxing)、“西施”Xishi (a famous beauty in the late Spring and Autumn Period)、“碑帖”a rubbing from a stone inscription (usually as a model for calligraphy)、“表妹”younger female cousin (the daughter of one's father's sister or of one's mother's brother or sister)、“抓周”the grabbing test on the occasion of a baby's first birthday (in which various articles -- e. g. a book, a writing brush, an inkstone, workman's tools, playthings and eatables, cosmetics and many an unexpected gadget -- are assembled and spread out before the baby and the one particular article he picks up is supposed to give a general idea of his future character and pattern of life, his career and behaviour, his habits and hobbies)、“元宵節(jié)”the Lantern Festival (the 15thof the 1st lunar month)等等。除了以括號(hào)或注釋的形式加注之外，文內(nèi)加注也可以對(duì)詞語的文化意義進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。例如“下海”，直譯為jumping into the sea容易引起誤解，可在詞語中添加“商海”這一注解，改譯為jumping into the sea of business，既可傳達(dá)了詞義，又保留了漢語原詞生動(dòng)形象的語言特色。

　　無論采用以上哪種方法，我們的目的都是要忠實(shí)準(zhǔn)確地傳達(dá)漢語詞語的文化內(nèi)涵，促進(jìn)漢英文化之間的交流。盡管漢英兩種文化間存在較大差異，只要我們目的明確、方法得當(dāng)，就能克服文化差異的障礙，在兩種文化間搭起溝通的橋梁。