GRE閱讀選擇答案的技巧

　　閱讀考查的范圍非常廣，不像填空、類比和反義那樣注重基礎和詞匯量，而GRE閱讀又與其他考試中的閱讀有很大區(qū)別，所以在技巧方法上也要區(qū)分對待。GRE閱讀中多見長句，對理解造成很大障礙，然而這一大特點也促使形成了解決GRE閱讀的一個制勝法寶——從原文中來，到原文中去。因為長句具有較高的難度，所以出題者會把很大的精力放在對句子本身的理解上，而不像其他考試中的閱讀那樣主要側重對文章內(nèi)容的理解。在實際解題過程中，我們?nèi)绻嬲斫獠⒄莆樟诉@一點，就能提高做題速度和準確性，因為實實在在能從原文中找到證據(jù)的答案必定是正確答案。

　　雖然答案是絕對忠于原文的，但它的出現(xiàn)往往都披著迷惑人的外衣，同時其他四個似是而非的選項也會對考生進行干擾。對原文中句子變形的方法多種多樣，變形后的句子所使用的句式和詞組搭配常常不同于原句，一般會是對原句的解釋和概括，但基本框架不變。一旦正確掌握了原句的復雜結構，選擇出正確答案就不會困難了。以下幾個例子都來自考生容易選錯的題目：

　　Eg1. According to the passage, random failures in automatic control systems are "not merely trivial aberrations" because

　　(A) Automatic control systems are designed by engineers who have little practical experience in the field

　　(B) The failures are characteristic of systems designed by engineers relying too heavily on concepts in mathematics

　　(C) The failures occur too often to be taken lightly

　　(D) Designers of automatic control systems have too little training in the analysis　of　mechanical difficulties

　　(E) Designers of automatic control systems need more help from scientists who have a better understanding of the analytical problems to be solved before such systems can work efficiently

　　本題在原文中的定位為：Absurd random failures that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial aberrations; they are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics. 這個句子中間用分號隔開，分號前的部分對應著題干中的問題，分號后即是對前半句的解釋，也就是說這個句子本身就是一問一答型，答案就是后半句話，在選擇答案時我們只要看哪個選項是對這句話的變形即可。注意這半句話中chaos是一個關鍵詞，that 引導定語從句，而這個定語從句中又有一個關鍵短語：result in，這個短語是表示結果的，然后看它的賓語是mathematics，而這個名詞是不能被替換掉的，直接從五個選項中挑選，只有B說出了mathematics，無疑這就是正確答案了。解答本題時能看出mathematics這一重心之后，根本不需要自己進行任何總結和概括，看出哪個選項是對原句的變形就全部搞定了。我們再仔細看一下B答案，其中rely heavily on代替了原句中的chaos result in，而意義與先前保持一致。

　　Eg2. According to the passage, certain serious contemporary photographers expressly make which of the following claims about their photographs?

　　(A)Their photographs could be created by almost anyone who had a camera and the time to devote to the activity.

　　(B)Their photographs are not examples of art but are examples of the photographers' impartial observation of the world.

　　(C)Their photographs are important because of their subjects but not because of the responses they evoke in viewers.

　　(D)Their photographs exhibit the same ageless principles of form and shading that have been used in painting.

　　(E) Their photographs represent a conscious glorification of the mechanical aspects of　twentieth-century life.

　　本題在原文中的定位為：Serious photographers variously claim to be finding, recording, impartially observing, witnessing events, exploring themselves—anything but making works of art. 注意anything but 是“決不”的意思，B答案就是對這句話的變形，只不過是把原文中所列出的幾種形式用examples概括罷了。在這個例子中還要注意的是原句中的anything but注定了其變形應該表示否定，按照這種理解很容易選出正確答案。

　　Eg3. According to the passage, what did Hargrave and Green do in the laboratory?

　　(A) They compared the grazing rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory with the natural grazing rates of these species.

　　(B) They hypothesized about the population density of grazers in natural habitats by using data concerning the population density of grazers in the laboratory.

　　(C) They estimated the community grazing rates of zooplankton in the laboratory by using data concerning the natural community grazing rates of zooplankton.

　　(D) They estimated the natural community grazing rates of zooplankton by using data concerning the known population density of phytoplankton.

　　(E) They estimated the natural community grazing rates of zooplankton by using laboratory data concerning the grazing rates of individual zooplankton species.

　　本題在原文中的定位為：Studies by Hargrave and Green estimated natural community grazing rates by measuring feeding rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory and then computing community grazing rates for field conditions using the known population density of grazers. 原句比較復雜，并且使用and then介紹操作順序，在理解原句時要分清主要動作和次要動作，而選項中給出的句子都非常短，也就是要對原句進行壓縮，找出主要動作。理解了這種變形之后，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)正確答案為E。

　　通過以上三個例子的解析我們可以看出GRE閱讀并沒有想象中的那么難，相反，由于很多題目的答案就是對原文句子的變形，掌握了規(guī)律之后它較之其他閱讀更容易獲取正確答案而且不容易發(fā)生爭議。所以我們一定要牢記“從原文中來，到原文中去”的原則，按照問題在原文定位之后，認真分析原句句子結構，提煉出關鍵詞語，再從五個選項中進行對照，一定能找出唯一正確的答案。